Key words and phrases
The Romans introduced ______ to Axum and it became the area’s prominent religion.
Christianity
Axum became a crossroads for trade because of its location near what major body of water?
Red Sea
What are elements of early African religious beliefs?
1. the worshipping of nature gods
2. the practicing of rituals by diviners
3. the dedication to lineage and ancestral ties
What does this excerpt show about slavery in Africa pre-1600?
“. . .The export trade across the Sahara Desert, Red Sea, and Indian Ocean was sustained on a level of 5,000 to 10,000 slaves per year for centuries before 1600... The time span is so great and the supply area is so extensive that the estimated figure (7,220,000 [enslaved people]) is a rough approximation indeed; a range of 3.5 to 10 million [enslaved people] is more accurate... This trade reflected a steady demand for slaves in the Islamic world and resulted in the maintenance of regular contact between sub-Saharan states and societies and Muslim merchants from foreign lands...” —Paul E. Lovejoy,
Traders were filling a demand in the market.
The basic building blocks of early African societies were ______.
lineage groups
What is significant about the geography and climate of Africa?
4 Distinct climate zones: Mediterranean, desert, tropical wet, tropical dry, and steppe
Diverse land features: mountains, coasts, rivers, deserts, lakes,grasslands, and canyons
How were the cultures and religions of medieval Africans intertwined?
1. Artwork included wood carving, sculpture, and painting. Much of the artwork was religious in nature.
2. Storytelling and music were used for worship and passing on traditions and history
What geographic area took part in the African slave trade in the years before 1600?
“. . .The export trade across the Sahara Desert, Red Sea, and Indian Ocean was sustained on a level of 5,000 to 10,000 slaves per year for centuries before 1600... The time span is so great and the supply area is so extensive that the estimated figure (7,220,000 [enslaved people]) is a rough approximation indeed; a range of 3.5 to 10 million [enslaved people] is more accurate... This trade reflected a steady demand for slaves in the Islamic world and resulted in the maintenance of regular contact between sub-Saharan states and societies and Muslim merchants from foreign lands...” —Paul E. Lovejoy,
African and foreign markets
Trans-Saharan trade was aided by the Berbers because of their use of ______.
Camel caravans
Ghana became a major trading empire due to its proximity to what major trade good?
Gold
What factors led to the emergence of the Swahili culture and language?
Trade and migration: bantu migration, Arab traders, and, traditional African languages and cultures.
What can be determined about the trans-Atlantic slave trade from this excerpt?
. . .I no longer doubted of my fate, and, quite overpowered with horror and anguish, I fell motionless on the deck and fainted. . . Soon after this, the blacks who brought me on board went off, and left me abandoned to despair. I now saw myself deprived of all chance of returning to my native country...and even wished for my former slavery in preference to my present situation, which was filled with horrors of every kind, still heightened by my ignorance of what I was to undergo. . . .—Olaudah Equiano,
The trade lasted for centuries.
Fellow Africans helped enslave each other.
Enslaved persons were caught and enslaved in Africa.
The leader who established the kingdom of Mali and obtained tax revenues from farmers for his kingdom.
Sundiata
The world's longest river is the ____.
Nile
How did Islam, Christianity, and Judaism influence African societies?
By reshaping societies and cultures. These religions influenced education, social structures, and cultural practices across the continent. They created new hierarchies and forms of expression in African societies.
What does this excerpt show about slavery in the Americas?
“The Portuguese tried converting the Indians and paying them wages, but the primary means of extracting their labor was to turn them into chattel slaves... The most important factor undermining importance [of Indian labor] was the endemic diseases the Europeans brought with them, which became epidemic when they affected the Indians. In the 1560s,...a major smallpox epidemic broke out among those previously unexposed populations of Indians.... This decline in the utility of Indian slave labor combined with the increasing wealth of the Brazilian planters led to the beginnings of mass importations of African slave labor after 1570...” —Herbert S. Klein and Francisco Vidal Luna,
The first enslaved persons on the plantations were the indigenous peoples.
Enslaved Africans were brought en masse after an outbreak of diseases.
The wealthiest man in all human history_______
Mansa Musa
The world's second largest desert is the___.
the Sahara
What were the impacts of the Bantu migrations?
the spread of Bantu languages, agricultural technologies, and ironworking across Sub-Saharan Africa,
What does this excerpt from a European source show about the development of the trans-Saharan and trans-Atlantic slave trade? What concerns might a reader have in trusting a European source to speak about the slave trade?
“I judge, the principal source of the Slave Trade, is, the wars which prevail among the Natives. Sometimes, these wars break out between those who live near the sea. The English, and other Europeans, have been charged with fomenting them; I believe (so far as concerns the Windward Coast) unjustly. That some would do it, if they could, I doubt not;. . .” —John Newton,
Europeans blame the Africans for the slave trade. According to the document if Africans were not fighting amongst themselves they wouldn't have war prisoners to sell into slavery.
This quote is one sided. It doesn't come from Africa so it isn't an accurate depiction of what is happening there.