Axum Empire
Where was the Axum Empire located?
Highlands of Ethiopia in East Africa
Which empire was the first major West African empire?
Ghana Empire
What are the towns called that are built along the East African coast called?
Stone Towns
Which river valley provided fertile soil and water for agriculture in northeast Africa?
Nile River Valley
What was the Bantu Migration?
The movement of Bantu-speaking peoples throughout sub-Saharan Africa
What was the time period of the Atlantic Slave Trade?
Approximately 1500s to1800s
What is an obelisk?
A tall, four-sided stone monument that tapers at the top
What tall stone structures did the Axum Empire build?
Obelisks
What precious resource was the Ghana Empire especially known for?
Gold
The East African coast towns were centers of what trading culture?
Swahili trading culture
What desert poses challenges like to extreme temperatures and limited water in Africa?
Sahara Desert
Name one technology spread by the Bantu Migration?
Iron-working technology
Name one major effect of the Atlantic Slave Trade on African societies.
Loss of population
What is a system of racial segregation enforced in South Africa?
Apartheid
The Axum Empire controlled important trade routes connecting Africa to which continent?
Asia
Who was the famous ruler of the Mali Empire known for his pilgrimage to Mecca?
Mansa Musa
The East African coast connected the African interior with trade networks in which ocean?
Indian Ocean
What animal was essential for trade routes crossing the Sahara Desert?
Camels
What is a city-state?
An independent city with its own government and surrounding territory
What term describes the late 19th century division of Africa by European powers?
Scramble for Africa
What is nationalism?
A movement promoting independence and self-governance
What religion became dominant in the Axum Empire?
Christianity
Which city in the Mali Empire was an important center of learning?
Timbuktu
What material were the Stone Towns primarily constructed from?
Coral stone?
What is the Sahel region known as geographically?
A semi-arid transition zone between the Sahara Desert and savanna
Name two major religions that spread through Africa via trade.
Islam and Christianity
Name one effect of European colonization on African political systems?
Disruption of traditional governance systems
Name three major empires from ancient Africa.
Axum, Ghana, Mali
Why is the Axum Empire considered one of Africa's most advanced early civilizations?
Because it had international trade connections and advanced culture including Christian kingdom development
What empire was the largest West African empire and fell to Moroccan invasion in 1591?
Songhai Empire?
Name three important items in the Songhai Empire?
Salt, gold, and textiles
Why was the Nile River important beyond agriculture?
It provided a transportation route through northeast Africa
How did the Bantu migration impact the languages of Sub-Saharan Africa?
It dispersed Bantu languages across central and southern Africa
Who was the first president of Ghana after independence?
Kwame Nkrumah
Name two key geographic features from the study guide you should identify on a map.
Nile River and Sahara Desert