Legalism
How does Legalism view human nature?
Humans are naturally selfish.
They will always act in their own self-interest and need rewards and punishments to do what is right.
What is another name for this ancient Chinese philosophy?
Ruism
What is the yin-yang?
The yin-yang is a symbol of opposites in balance - dark/light, passive/aggressive
Daoists believed life was supposed to be lived in balance.
What does the Greek meaning of the word Philosophy (philo + soph)?
Philo (greek root) means love.
Soph (Greek) means wisdom or knowledge.
What philosophy is this quote from?:
"A mother loves her son twice as much as a father does, but a father's orders are ten, times more effective than a mother's.
The relationship between officials and the people is not based on love and their orders are ten thousand times more effective than parents".
Legalism-Han Feizi
What types of jobs did Legalism value?
Farming/agriculture and military
Han Feizi argued, “In the state of an enlightened ruler there are no books; law supplies the only instruction.”
What is filial piety?
a term that means to honor one’s ancestors and parents.
In Ruism, it was believed that strong values and bonds within the family would create strong values in society as a whole. The work of being good started at home.
What did Taoists believe about human nature?
Human nature (and nature) are best in their natural, untouched state. Return to the ways of a child—flexible, in awe in nature, and not caring about “success”
People should strive for a simple life—giving up the pursuit of material things and fame. To be humble and simple is encouraged.
What is an incentive?
Reward
What philosophy is this quote from?:
"If a teacher cares for their students, and dedicates themselves to teaching their students, then the students will listen, and respect the teacher. "
Confucianism/Ruism
What is the 2 handle approach?
Incentives and Disincentives
Legalists believed that because humans are selfish-rewards and punishments are the most effective way to maintain order.
What is Ren?
sincerity, morality, and genuine concern for others
The idea that we are all in this together. It is similar to empathy and is an intrinsic feeling of caring for others and wanting the same success for others as you would want for yourself (the "Golden rule")
What is Wu Wei?
Effortless non-action. Not interfering with the natural course of life.
“The Way abides in non-action. Yet nothing is left undone.”-Lao Zi
Wu-Wei compared to water-passive and flexible, but strong and destructive.
In sports, we refer to this mindset as being in the “zone”
What is a disincentive?
Punishment
What philosophy is this quote from?:
“If you love wisdom, but don't like to study, then your wisdom will be distorted into aimlessness”
Confucianism, Master Kong (Confucius)
Who was the leader than Unified China under strict Legalist rule? Name one other thing that he did.
Emperor Qin Shi Huang
Under what dynasty did Confucianism become popular?
Han Dynasty
Official philosophy of the Han Dynasty with starting with Emperor Gaozu 漢高祖 and Emperor Wudi 漢武帝 (created first Ruist Academy).
What is Dao?
“The Way” or “The natural flow of life”
“The Way is to man as rivers and lakes are to fish, the natural condition of life.”-Chuang Tzu.
Order comes by following nature; disorder comes when you go against nature.
What is an example of extrinsic motivation?
Answers will vary (rewards, trophy, parking ticket, etc)
What philosophy is this quote from?:
“Give up learning, and put an end to your trouble”
Taosim- Lao Tzu
Name one person who wrote important Legalist texts (2 answers possible).
Shang Yang-Qin politician who wrote many of the basic ideas of Legalism.
Text-Book of Lord Shang
Han Fei Tzu-A philosopher who wrote the most complete description of Legalist philosophy available today.
Text- Han Feizi 韓非子
What is Li?
Ritual
Master Kong believed society should be guided by rituals and tradition. Rituals include ceremonies, traditions, holidays, honoring one’s ancestors, as well as the day-to-day social etiquette and norms.
Name one important figure to Taoism (three answers possible).
Lao Tzu-an archivist, philosopher, legendary figure.
Text: Daodejing or Tao Te Ching
Zhuangzi (369-286 BCE)-philosopher.
Text: Zhuangzi 孟軻-
Emperor Huizong (1100–1125) declared himself the “protector of Taoism”
What is an example of intrinsic motivation?
Answers will vary (feeling proud, happy, loving the game, etc).
What philosophy is this quote from?:
“The greater the number of laws, the more thieves and robbers there will be.”
Taoism (Lao Tzu)