Review
List at least three challenges faced by early villages.
Invaders, disease, food shortages
Large population centers with permanent structures and Systems to organize people, create laws, and provide safety.
Cities and Structured Government
Vulnerability to drought, bad weather, or crop failure.
Food Shortages
Recognized as the world's first advanced civilization
Mesopotamia
What was the first advanced civilization?
Mesopotamia
Belief systems that answer big questions and unify society.
Religion
Increased spread of illness due to living in closer quarters.
Disease
A religion in which people worship multiple gods.
Polytheism
What is the most critical natural resource required to build a permanent settlement
Water
Groupings based on status, job, or wealth and Diverse roles such as artisans, scribes, farmers, and builders.
Social Classes and Job Specialization
Defense against rival groups seeking land or resources.
Invaders
A system where people focus on specific trades, skills, or jobs rather than spending all their time gathering food.
Job Specialization
How did agricultural surplus lead to job specialization?
It freed people from farming full-time so they could focus on other specialized crafts and skills.
Large construction projects funded/managed by government for public benefit (e.g., roads, irrigation, walls).
Public Works
These contributions provided order, improved trade, expanded technological progress, and laid the groundwork for modern society.
Impact
The practice of growing crops and raising livestock, which led to food surpluses.
Agriculture (Farming)
What term describes worshiping many gods?
Polytheistic
Large construction projects funded/managed by government for public benefit (e.g., roads, irrigation, walls) and Cultural expressions, monumental buildings, and artwork.
Arts & Architecture and Writing
The single MOST important need for a group of people to settle, farm, and establish a permanent civilization.
Water
Taming wild animals for human use, labor, and food.
Domestication