Chapter 5
Ancient India
Ancient India
Disappearance of the Harrapans
They may have been invaded by another people, a flood or natural disaster or a famine could have driven them from their homes
Athletic Games in Ancient Greece
beginning at school age athletes could compete in sprints, long jumps, wrestling, discus and javelin throwing, the winners were crowned with laurel leaves in the Olympics in Greece.
Patricians
this group of people were the ruling class of wealthy landowners and nobles in early Rome; they led the government and didn’t allow plebeians to have any rights or voice
Muhammed
founder of Islam; his revelations were compiled in the Qur’an
Geographic Features of Mesoamerica
bodies of water, mountains, rainforests, and coastal plains provided resources for Mesoamericans to thrive through fishing and agriculture, obsidian, onyx, jade, gold, and silver were available to be crafted for personal use or trade
Oasis
What is a fertile area in the desert with water called?
Buddhism
Siddhartha Guatama began this religion; appealed to members in the lower castes and outcastes because they believed if they did their duty and died they would come back with a better life in a reincarnated state.
Delian League
the defensive alliance of Greek city-states led by Athens against the Persians
were the working class farmers, traders, and craftsmen, were eventually given rights to vote and veto power
Jihad
holy war fought for the cause of Islam
Mayans Believed
were buried with a piece of jade in their mouth, practiced a ritual ball game that was played by nobles
Sahara Desert
What land feature covers the northern part of Africa?
Eightfold Path
list of Buddhist good works
Comedies
poked fun at certain people or types of people and were meant to entertain the audience and make them laugh
Assembly of Centuries
a powerful group of patricians; they voted on new laws, made declarations of war, and elected the consuls
Justinian 1
emperor of the Byzantine Empire; had the Roman Laws simplified called the Justinian Codes
Mesoamerica
The region stretching south from central Mexico includes Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, and Nicaragua.
Savanna
What is a region with tall grass and few trees called?
Caste
one of two basic social groups in the Hindu religion; the other is Family
Pax Romana
the period of peace under Octavian
Senate
the most powerful branch in the government; they served for life and controlled the finances, passed laws, and oversaw foreign affairs
Islam vs. Biblical Truth
Islam considers Jesus to be just a prophet
Basalt
A type of dark, dense volcanic rock.
Crops
Botanists trace the movements of people by their
Reincarnation
the belief that after a person dies he comes back in another form
Math & Science Achievements
Archimedes was a mathematician who advanced the development of pulleys and Pythagoras studied geometry and came up with an important theorem about the area of triangles
Roman Roads
were used to promote trade, exchange cultural ideas, and spread the gospel
Hippodrome
open air stadium
Slash & Burn
A practice used in agriculture where a forest is cut and burned before the land is planted.
Camel
Which animal was important to the nomadic Tuareg people?
Sin
suffering is a result of sin
Philosophers
a person who studies to gain wisdom in a particular field
Assembly
Plebeians were allowed to have their own assembly and to serve as tribunes
Mecca, Jerusalem & Medina
three cities that Muslims believe to be sacred
Maize
Corn
Clan
A group of families descended from a common ancestor is called
Harrapan Civilization
made many significant achievements; including indoor plumbing among other things
Education in Ancient Greece
boys from wealthy families attended school sometimes with a servant who specifically focused on their behavior in class; Athenian boys went to school at age 6 to at least 14 to learn to read and write using wax coated tablets, girls were taught how to manage their household; Spartan girls were trained with the boys to fight, boys were chosen from birth if they were strong enough to train beginning at 7 years old.
Epicureans
believe that true happiness in this life can be found if people are free from fear
Constantinople
was the new capital of the Roman Empire; was a good location for trade and defense
Obsidian
glass-like volcanic rock
Swahili
What became the trade language of the coastal cities of East Africa?
Indus Valley & River
supported agriculture for the Harappans by nourishing the land; supporting farming and cattle
Democracy
a form of government in which the citizens of the country have the power
Stoics
believed that doing one’s duty leads to happiness and that fate governs all things
Orthodox
those who support traditionally accepted principles of the faith
1600s
In which century did the international trade of African slaves become widespread?
Greek Culture
people from other cultures began accepting Greek culture by using their inventions (pulleys, etc), adopting Greek philosophy, and learned their scholarly teachings. Greek art appeared in all parts of the empire and Greek language spread throughout the Western world.
Arches
this architectural feature is the main one of Colosseum in Rome
Bubonic Plague
also known as the black death; this killed one-third of Europe’s population in the 1300s
War
What grew in Africa as a result of the slave trade?
Thucydides
Athenian historian who recorded the events of the Peloponnesian War; he also recorded one of Pericles’s most famous speeches during the war.
Roman Colosseum
events that took place in the Colosseum included: gladiator fights, fights with animals, mini-naval battles, and plays
Greek Fire
early form of throwing fire; Muslims tried to invade Constantinople was stopped by a drought, a famine and the use of Greek Fire