The Nile River
What direction does the Nile River flow?
North
What type of climate did Ancient Egypt have?
Hot and dry desert climate.
What does the word “pharaoh” mean?
Great house or palace; the ruler of Egypt.
What material did Egyptians use to make paper for writing?
Papyrus
Define “vegetation.”
The plants that grow naturally in an area.
What is the “Black Land,” and why was it important?
The fertile land near the Nile; used for farming.
What natural feature protected Egypt from invaders?
The surrounding deserts.
Who united Upper and Lower Egypt into one kingdom?
King Narmer (Menes).
What was Egypt’s writing system called?
Hieroglyphics
Define “treaty.”
An agreement between groups or nations to keep peace.
What was one main way Egyptians controlled flooding?
By building canals and irrigation basins.
What is “topography”?
The shape and features of the land.
Who was the female pharaoh who promoted trade and peace instead of war?
Hatshepsut
What types of crops did Egyptians grow using the Nile?
Wheat, barley, flax, and papyrus.
Where was the kingdom of Kush located?
South of Egypt along the Nile River.
How did the Nile help connect Upper and Lower Egypt?
It served as a trade and transportation route between regions.
Why were the deserts both helpful and harmful to Egypt?
They offered protection but made travel and farming difficult.
Which pharaoh built great temples and signed a peace treaty with the Hittites?
Ramses II
What did Egyptians use to build their homes and temples?
Mud bricks and stone
What was Canaan, and why was it important?
A region northeast of Egypt that connected Africa and Asia through trade.
What was one danger of the Nile’s yearly floods?
Floods could destroy homes or crops if they were too strong.
What is the difference between the Nile Valley and the Nile Delta?
The valley is a long fertile strip along the river; the delta is a fan-shaped area where the Nile meets the Mediterranean Sea.
Why were pharaohs considered both political and religious leaders?
Egyptians believed pharaohs were living gods who ruled over all aspects of life.
What were two major contributions or inventions from Ancient Egypt?
Calendar, medicine, mathematics, or pyramid architecture.
How did Egypt’s geography make it one of the most powerful civilizations?
The Nile provided fertile land, trade routes, and protection from deserts, allowing Egypt to thrive.