Vocabulary
The highest rulers of Egypt.
Pharaohs
In early Egypt, the _____ _________ divided Upper and Lower Egypt.
Nile River
Describe the social hierarchy in Ancient Egypt.
The social hierarchy consists of pharaohs, viziers/priests/nobles, scribes, merchants/craftspeople, and peasants/servants. The pharaoh is the ruler of Egypt. Viziers, priests, and nobles, are the highest officials that work under the pharaoh. Scribes write and copy hieroglyphic and hieratic scripts. They are considered upper and middle class. The merchants and craftspeople are middle-class workers. Peasants and servants framed on the lands of the estates.
The city where the Great Pyramid is located.
Giza
The Egyptians believed each soul had two bodies- a spiritual; one and a physical one. This term is the spiritual one.
Ka
The _________ contained tombs for the pharaohs who passed away.
Pyramids
In the social hierarchy of Ancient Egypt, which groups do you think were the most educated and why?
The upper hierarchy groups, especially scribes because their job involves attending a special school to learn how to write and read hieroglyphic and hieratic script.
Period of expansion and stability.
Middle Kingdom
On both sides of the Nile. They were uninhabitable because it was too hot to live there.
The Red Lands
___________________ is a process that the Egyptians practiced to prevent dead bodies from rotting.
Mummification
What are some of the differences between the Old, Middle, and New Kingdom?
During the Old Kingdom, Egypt had their very first dynasty. Memphis was made the capital of the kingdom. They built their famous pyramids. During the Middle Kingdom, Egypt conquered Nubia, which was located south of Egypt. Art and literature was also flourishing during the Middle Kingdom. The New Kingdom was a period of expansion and prosperity. The rulers during this time were more powerful and effective, such as Hatshepsut.
The ______________ invaded and ruled Egypt for about 100 years.
Hyksos
A simplified version of Hieroglyphics.
Hieratic Script
The Egyptians used ______ and _______ to write on stone walls and tablets.
Describe the mummification process. Please give at least 5 facts in your description.
Mummification is the process that the Egyptians practiced to prevent dead bodies from rotting. The believed in the afterlife and Ka. They believed the physical body needed to be preserved so Ka could return even after death.
The liver, lungs, stomach, brain, and intestines are removed from the body. They are placed in special jars inside the tomb. the body is covered in salt to remove all the water from the body to help preservation. They wrap the body from head to toe. Between the layers of wrapping, amulets are placed to protect the body during its journey to the afterlife. A priest also reads prayers out loud during the wrapping process to ward off evil spirits during its journey. A mask is placed over the head, body, and shoulders.
The entire process takes about 70 days. The mummy is sealed in a case and placed inside a tomb in the pyramid.
The northern part of Egypt, where the delta flows to the Mediterranean Sea.
Lower Egypt
A type of government in the Old Kingdom of Ancient Egypt.
Bureaucracy
_____________ was the first woman to become pharaoh. She was the daughter of King Thutmose I.
Hatshepsut