Democracy
What were the citizenship qualifications in Athens?
Had to be 18 or older, male, born in Athens, father born in Athens, and in 450 BCE Pericles added mothers father had to be born in Athens.
What form of government did the Athenians have?
What about the Spartans?
Athens: Democracy
Sparta: Oligarchy
Persian empire is very what?
The Greek city-state of blank rebels against Persia, they ask Athens for help. What happens at the end of the battle?
Huge
Blank: Sardis
Sardis and Athens win, burn Perian temple set up in Sardis, Athens leaves, Persia comes back and squashes Sardis b/c they don't have Athens help
This person was a man who was not an official leader of Athens, but most people there trusted and listened to him. What was his name?
Pericles
What alliance did Athens create?
What alliance did Sparta create?
The Delian League
The Peloponnesian League
What did the Council of 500 do, and who was chosen/how were they chosen?
Discussed and created bills at meetings, in charge of day to day business. 500 citizens chosen annually from a lottery.
There were many more slaves/helots in Sparta. The slave/helot to citizen ration was 25:1, because of this the Spartans were very afraid of a ...?
Slave/helot rebellion or uprising
Persians go to conquer Athenian colony of where?
Where do they fight?
What happens?
What do the Persians now want to do?
Samos
On water
Athens goes to fight with Samos, they win. Athens leaves and again Persia comes back and squashes Samos b/c Athens isn't there
DEFEAT ATHENS!! (kill Athens once and for all)
The Golden Age of Athens lasted from when to when?
460-429 BCE
When Sparta invades Athens after the Corfu/Corinth conflict what do the Athenians do, where do they go? What happens then?
Which important person dies from the plague?
The Athenians go into the walls protecting the city. Sparta burns all the fields and plans to starve Athens, doesn't work b/c of the long walls. But the plague spreads b/c there are so many people living on the streets together. "Leakage"
Pericles
What was the Citizens Assembly, what did they do, and who came to the meetings?
Voted and discussed bills and laws. All citizens were invited to the meetings, not many came. Mainly rich b/c poor farmers could not afford to leave homes and land for that many days.
In Sparta, how did they receive the majority of their crops and grains?
With "trade alliances." Sparta offered other city-states protection in return for crops
Athens knows Persia is coming after the battle of Samos. How do they convince other city-states to help?
They tell them that Persia isn't going to stop w/ Athens if they lose, they will come after the rest of Greece too.
What did Pericles want to improve in Athens? (3 things)
Protection
Beautification
And to strengthen democracy
What is the turning point of the Peloponnesian War? why?
The battle of Syracuse b/c Athens lost on the water, and many city-states in the Delian League leave and join Sparta. And also Persia and Sparta sign a treaty, (Persia just wants to make Greece weak so that they can take over later,) but Sparta gets $ to build a strong navy.
Who was Draco? What were his main contributions?
Who was Solon? What were his main contributions?
Who was Cleisthenes? What were his main contributions?
Draco was given the job of writing down laws.
Solon was allowed to revise Draco's laws. Created the People's court, called the Heliaia, citizens could appeal judgments made by magistrates. He set up Council of 400-prepare laws to submit to Assembly.
Cleisthenes changed council of 400 to 500. Created Ostracism, (banish an unpopular citizen from political activity for 10 years) and organized Athens into 10 tribes.
After the 2 years of training men joined the army reserves, what was that?
18
They would live their normal lives (get other jobs) until needed for war. Then would get called in for war and fought until not needed anymore.
What happened during the battle of Marathon?
What formation did Miltiades use to fight Persia?
When was the battle of Marathon? (date)
Persia sends 1/2 of there army to Marathon, then intend to walk to Athens and fight on land. Athenians and rest of Greece meet them there and fight at Marathon. The other 1/2 of Persia sails to Athens. Athens defeats Persia, then walks 26 miles to Athens, and when the other 1/2 of Persia sees them, turns around. Athens and Greece won.
The Double Envelopment.
490 BCE
what 3 things did Pericles build, or establish in Athens?
The Long Walls, if Athens were to be attacked, everyone could go inside the city walls, but the Long Walls stretched to Piraeus (Athens ally and a harbor) so Athens could still receive food and goods.
Rebuilt the Acropolis, (and the temples burned by the Persians) using the money from The Delian League
Established state salaries (payment for taking part in government, poor people could now participate more easily b/c they were getting paid.
How long did the Peloponnesian War last for?
27 years (431-404 BCE)
What was the job of the Strategoi(s), and how were they chosen?
Carried out and enforced the laws and new policies. 1 from each of the 10 tribes, elected annually.
What was the battle formation used by all Greek city-states, including Athens and Sparta?
Hoplite Phalanx
After the battle of Thermopylae, Persia and King Xerxes make their way to Athens, when they get there Athens is deserted. The oracle tells Themistocles that what will protect Athens? What does he interpret this to mean?
The Wooden Walls
The navy ships.
Pericles was not an official leader of Athens. why did many of the citizens of Athens trust him?
He was very smart, persuasive, and charismatic. People listened to him b/c he had good smart ideas.
During the battle of Aegospotami, the Spartans use a good strategy, what was it?
How many ships did the Spartans take? How many does that leave Athens with?
They wait until all the Athenians are off the boats getting supplies (distracted and unprepared) and then the Spartans attack.
The Spartans took 170 of Athens ships, only 7 Athenian ships got away.