Greek Culture
How did Alexander the Great inspire loyalty from his soldiers?
He led them into battle which most other leaders wouldn't do
Describe the role of women in Athens and in Sparta.
Women in Athens helped in the home with children and the elderly. They didn't have many rights. Women in Sparta are educated with the boys, play sports to stay fit, and have more rights and freedoms such as being able to inherit and sell property.
What is an oligarchy?
Type of government where few rule over the many, oligarchs come from the upper class (aristocrats)
Which aspect of physical geography most influenced the development of city-states in Greece? Why?
Mountains; hard to cross or farm on resulting in need for trade and independence of city-states
Which city-state valued individualism and learning the most?
Athens
Describe why Athens and Sparta got food and resources differently based on their location.
Athens is located on the sea and traded with ships. Sparta is inland, so they conquer for resources.
What is a democracy? Who had the first democracy in history?
A type of government where everyone has a say, government by the people for the people; Democracy originated in Athens
The Greeks were able to defeat the Persians because...
The Greeks used their knowledge of their geography and surprises to overcome the Persian military
Name a god and what they are responsible for (What are they the god of?)
Zeus-God of the Sky, Poseidon-God of the Sea, Hades-God of the Underworld (and others)
Describe the difference between Sparta's and Athens' governments and cultures.
Sparta was an oligarchy that was war driven. They didn't care much about art. Athens was a democracy that placed a high value on art and learning.
Early Greek oligarchies came from which group?
The rich (aristocrats)
What were the effects of Alexander the Great's conquests?
Greek culture was spread far beyond Greece and Alexandria became an important city for scholarly pursuits (education)
What innovations and advancements did the Greeks make?
-Improved science by using observations
-Wrote down and studied history
-Water clocks, watermills, locks, steam power, early laser
-Archimedean screws
-Square numbers, Pythagorean Theorem, geometry advancements
-Natural causes of disease, Hippocratic Oath, anatomy
-Socratic Method
-Sarissas
-Aristotle's school and other academic advances
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In what war did Athens and Sparta fight? What caused the war and who ended up winning?
The Peloponnesian War; the Delian League (alliance formed by Athens, with them having more power than other members) and the Peloponnesian League (alliance formed by Sparta) were rivals, the Delian League banned trading with Megara, Sparta declared war; Athens lost after 27 years due to Persia sponsoring Sparta's new navy
How is Athens' democracy similar to ours? How is it different?
Both give regular citizens a voice in government, have different branches, and create laws for their society.
Athens had larger groups of people making decisions, don't use elections, and only have 2 branches. The US has 3 branches, elects people, and has representatives making decisions. There are less restrictions on who is considered a citizen in the US, and we don't use slaves.
What development eventually led to the Peloponnesian War?
Rivalry for power in Greece between Athens and Sparta
Name 3 sacred sites in Ancient Greece.
Describe the benefits of being a Spartan. Describe the benefits of being an Athenian.
Spartan-strong army, no need to farm since helots do that work, military training, more rights and freedoms for women
Athenian-strong navy, great trade, beautiful architecture and art, emphasis on well-rounded education, democracy
Explain how democracy in Athens is different than democracy we have today.
We elect representatives to vote on issues (representative democracy), Athens had direct democracy where everyone who was a citizen votes
What were the causes of the first and second Persian wars?
1st war: Athens burned down a Persian city, so Darius attacked them
2nd war: Xerxes wanted revenge for the death of his father and the loss of the first Persian war