Rise of Greece
Another term for a Greek city-state.
Polis
What did the Persians do when they captured Athens?
Burned it
Developed a philosophy called Epicureanism, which taught that humans were free to make happiness their goal in life by living a life free from turmoil and worry.
Epicurus
What was the Parthenon?
A temple to the goddess Athena in the city of Athens.
Which king of Macedonia led an army of Greeks and Macedonians and managed to conquer the Persian Empire?
Alexander the Great
Rule by citizens, where people participate directly in government through mass meetings.
Direct democracy
What were Herodotus and Thucydides known for?
Writing about history
Where was the Minoan Civilization located?
Crete
After his father, Darius, failed to defeat Athens, which king of Persia planned to attack Greece again?
Xerxes
Student of Plato who believed that the best way to understand reality was to observe and investigate it.
Aristotle
Established direct democracy.
Expanded the Athenian Empire.
Rebuilt Athens.
While the Greeks were busy fighting each other in the Great Peloponnesian War, what country to the north was growing more powerful?
Macedonia
Rule by wealthy landowners, who usually pass their land down to their descendants.
Aristocracy
First major battle of the Greco-Persian Wars, where the soldiers of King Darius were defeated by Athenian hoplites
Battle of Marathon
What was the region of Asia Minor that was settled by Greeks called?
Ionian Greece
What did Themistocles convince Athens to do to prepare for the Persian invasion?
Build a large fleet
Used a question-and-answer teaching method to allow students to see things for themselves with their own reasoning skills. Was forced to drink poisonous hemlock because authorities thought his teachings were corrupting young people.
Socrates
What two sides fought in the Great Peloponnesian War?
The Delian League (Athens) and the Peloponnesian League (Sparta)
Which king of Macedonia invaded Greece?
Philip II
What was ostracism?
Banishing troublesome politicians by vote.
A major naval (sea) battle where Greeks under Themistocles defeated the Persian navy by luring them into a narrow strait
Battle of Salamis
What city in Asia Minor did the Mycenaean Greeks destroy?
Troy
What caused the Persian King Darius to invade Greece?
Athens helped the Ionian Greeks rebel against Persia.
Student of Socrates who wrote a work called Republic, where he argued that society should be ruled by philosopher-kings.
Plato
Who won the Great Peloponnesian War?
Sparta
Which of Alexander’s generals took control of Egypt after he died?
Ptolemy I
Rule by a small group of people.
Oligarchy
A battle where Greeks - including 300 elite Spartan warriors under King Leonidas - tried to block the advance of the Persian army at a mountain pass. The Persians defeated the Greeks.
Battle of Thermopylae
Term for a tightly packed battle formation, where hoplites formed a shield wall to protect each other and attacked the enemy with long spears.
Phalanx
WILDCARD!!!
List two way in which women were treated differently from men in ancient Athens.
Women could not vote.
Women could not own most forms of property.
Women were always under the control of a male relative or their husbands.
Developed a philosophy called Stoicism, which taught that people could only be happy if they lived in harmony with God.
Zeno
What was the name of the anti-Persian alliance Athens created by teaming up with other city-states?
Delian League
What great building was built in Alexandria during the Hellenistic Era?
The Lighthouse of Alexandria
Rule by leaders who seized power from aristocrats and were popular with both merchants and the poor.
Tyrants
Last major battle of the Greco-Persian Wars, where a large army of Greeks from many city-states defeated the last Persian soldiers remaining in Greece.
Battle of Plataea