Key Terms
A government ruled by a few powerful people.
oligarchy
He reorganized the Persian Empire into satrapies.
Darius I
City-state that valued education and the arts.
Athens
What is the Battle of Marathon?
The battle where Athenians defeated the Persians using surprise tactics.
He believed in moderation and wrote about many topics.
Aristotle
A Greek city-state.
polis
He led the Spartans at the Battle of Thermopylae.
King Leonidas
City-state where women could own property and train in sports.
Sparta
Persian king who led the second invasion of Greece.
Xerxes I
He founded the Academy and wrote The Republic.
Plato
A piece of land nearly surrounded by water.
peninsula
He developed the Socratic Method.
Socrates
What is a direct democracy?
Government in Athens, where citizens voted directly.
What is the Battle of Salamis?
The naval battle where the Greek fleet destroyed Persian ships.
A physician known as the Father of Medicine.
Hippocrates
A marketplace and gathering place in a Greek polis.
an agora
The hilltop fortress found in many Greek city-states.
the acropolis
Who are the helots?
Sparta's enslaved laborers.
What is the Battle of Plataea?
The final land battle where the Greeks defeated the Persians.
He used questioning to teach his students.
Socrates
A group of armed foot soldiers in tight formation.
phalanx
A city in ancient Greece known for its military society.
Sparta?
What are two differences between Athens and Sparta.
Athens valued education, Sparta valued discipline; Athens had democracy, Sparta had oligarchy?
The reason why the Persian Wars began.
Athenian support of the Ionian revolt
He wrote about the Persian Wars and is called the Father of History.
Herodotus