Geography & City-States
What sea is Greece located next to?
The Mediterranean Sea (also accept Aegean Sea).
What word describes rule by one king?
Monarchy (or king/kingdom).
What do we call the ancient Greek stories about gods and heroes?
Myths (or mythology).
What type of building was the Parthenon? Was it a temple, a marketplace, or a theatre?
A temple.
What game/sport was invented by the ancient Greeks and later inspired a modern international event?
The Olympic Games
Name the two most famous Greek city-states that often competed with each other.
Athens and Sparta
Which city-state is famous for developing the early idea of democracy where citizens voted on laws?
Athens.
Who was the king of the Greek gods?
Zeus.
What language did ancient Greeks speak?
Ancient Greek (Greek).
What famous conflict was fought between Greek city-states and the Persian Empire in the early 5th century ? HINT:one battle ended poorly because of a traitor
The Persian Wars (including battles like Marathon, Thermopylae, Salamis).
What is the name of the peninsula where most of ancient Greece is located?
The Balkan (or Greek) peninsula; accept Peloponnese for southern peninsula.
In Athenian democracy, who were considered citizens with voting rights? (Name at least two groups who were NOT citizens.)
Citizens were free adult men born in the city-state. Non-citizens included women, slaves, and foreign residents
Name two Greek gods or goddesses and one thing each was known for.
Athena — wisdom and war strategy; Poseidon — sea and earthquakes; Apollo — music and the sun; Artemis — hunting
Name one way education for boys in Athens differed from education for boys in Sparta.
Athens: boys learned reading, writing, arts, philosophy; Sparta: boys trained for military service and physical fitness.
Who was Alexander the Great and why is he important to Greek history?
A Macedonian king who conquered much of the known world, spreading Greek culture (Hellenism).
Which Greek island city-state became a powerful naval empire and led a league of allied city-states?
Athens (leader of the Delian League) or otherwise acceptable: Corinth led other alliances at times.
What is an assembly in ancient Athens? Describe its main purpose.
The assembly was a gathering of citizens to debate and vote on laws and policies.
What was Mount Olympus thought to be in Greek beliefs?
Home of the gods / dwelling place of the major Greek gods.
What was a typical job or role for women in many Greek city-states?
Running a household, raising children, weaving, managing slaves; specific roles varied by city-state.
Name one major architectural or scientific achievement of ancient Greece and briefly explain its importance.
Parthenon (architecture, Doric order) — important for art/architecture; Euclid’s work in geometry; Archimedes’ inventions and principles — important for science.
Identify one way Greece’s geography (mountains and islands) affected how city-states
Mountains and islands caused city-states to be separated and independent, encouraging trade by sea and making large unified empires harder to form.
Athens had a democracy with citizen participation; Sparta had a mixed system with two kings and a strong military oligarchy (emphasis on discipline and military training).
Describe the role of myths in ancient Greek society (give two ways myths were used).
Describe the role of myths in ancient Greek society (give two ways myths were used).
Myths explained natural events and taught moral lessons; they were used in religious ceremonies and festivals and to support cultural identity.
Myths explained natural events and taught moral lessons; they were used in religious ceremonies and festivals and to support cultural identity.
Describe one form of entertainment in ancient Greece and how people experienced it.
Explain one cause and one effect of the Peloponnesian War.
Explain one cause and one effect of the Peloponnesian War.