Minoans
Minoan civilization developed on what geographical feature? (name and type)
Island of Crete
Mycenaeans built their cities on top of _____ centered around large ________ _______.
hills, cyclopean walls.
Name the two epics composed by Homer
Iliad and Odyssey
Where was Spara located?
Eurotas River Valley (fertile)
Name the ships that the Greek navy relied on
Triremes
Minoans used a writing system called _________
which remains ____________.
Linear A; undeciphered
What were some aspects of Minoan culture that the Mycenaeans kept/adopted upon their take over?
Trade routes, art, religion, myths
Is the Trojan War a myth or history? Explain why.
History - until the 1870/s historians believed the war was a myth. An excavation site in Turkey showed evidence of destruction that aligned with the Trojan War timeline.
2 Kings - simultaneously ruled to prevent unequal power
5 ephors - kept the kings in order
Council of elders (men ages 60 and above) - proposed new laws and kept traditions in Sparta
Who supported the Ionian revolt for independence and who vowed revenge against those who supported Ionian independence?
Athens supported Ionian independence/revolt. Darius I vowed revenge against Athens.
Historians rely on _________ to gain insight into Minoan way of life
Archeology - artifacts, pottery, art, etc.
Who dominated within the Mycenaean society?
Eliete warrior class/kings
True or False: citizens saw themselves as their respected Polis rather than as Greeks
True
Athens was a _______ based society
Sparta was a ________ based society
Democracy; Military
During this battle, Sparta and it's leader ______ and ____ soldiers guarded a narrow passageway that forced a delay in the Persians invasion.
Battle of Thermopylae; Leonidas; 300
The Palace at ______ functioned as a political, economic and religious center. Within the palace were _____ systems, indicating technological advancements.
Knossos; drainage
What led to the fall of Mycenaeans?
Natural disasters, internal revolts, and invasions by the Sea Peoples.
When Polis became overcrowded, and farmland becoming limited, what did city-states do to combat these issues?
Citizens were sent to live abroad in colonies.
At a young age, boys in Sparta were sent to the _____ to focus on _______. From a young age, boys in Athens were focusing on _________.
agoge; military training. A well-rounded education.
What was the key to victory for the Greeks during the Battle of Salamis?
Greek navy lured Persian ships into narrow straits. Persian ships struggled to maneuver and 1/3 of their ships were destroyed
What lead to the fall of the Minoans?
Natural disasters, (volcano, earthquakes, typhoons) weakened infrastructure and agriculture, and invasions by the Mycenaeans.
During the Dark Ages, how were stories and history preserved?
Oral Traditions (history)
How did the alphabet become one of the greatest examples of cultures exchange? Explain the steps.
Cuneiform writing was adopted by the Phoenicians to 22 letters; the Greeks then adopted it from there where it was used to aid in trade and record keeping. Romans have since modified it to become the basis for the modern-day alphabet.
Describe the differences in treatment between Spartan women and Athenian women.
Sparta - owned land, ran household, could speak freely and exercise - more free.
Athens - controlled, could only run the household if wealthy, could not participate in politics or speak freely.
What were some effects of the Persian Wars? (5)
•Greek city-states gained confidence and unity
•Athens and Sparta emerged as leading powers
•War strengthened Greek identity
•Rivalries between Athens and Sparta increased
Set stage for future conflicts (Peloponnesian War)