Athens and Sparta
While the Spartans had a large army, they didn't have one of these at all until late in their war with Athens. (Athens had a very large one.)
What is a navy?
This Greek king commanded the Spartan force at Thermopylae, dying along with his 300-man bodyguard to the Persian army.
Who is King Leonidas?
The Greek word, demokratia, roughly translates to this.
What is "rule by the people"?
Who is Poiseidon?
The two main weapons of an average soldier in ancient Greek city-states were these.
What are a spear and a short sword?
While Athens was a democracy, Sparta used this form of government in which a king rules.
What is a monarchy?
This Greek philosopher wrote The Republic, and theorized that society would flourish if philosopher-kings ruled their states.
Who is Plato?
What is male?
This god was the ruler of the Greek gods.
Who is Zeus?
This battle gives us our word for a very long run, because the Athenians had to run almost 40km in an afternoon after the battle to ensure the retreating Persian navy couldn't land troops in Athens.
What is the Battle of Marathon?
Sparta can be described as this, because it had a culture where men were only soldiers and nothing else; a culture which revolved around warfare and in which soldiers were highly respected and held a lot of power.
What is a warrior society?
This man was able to conquer most of the Middle East and Egypt, and he eventually formed an empire that stretched from Greece to India.
Who is Alexander the Great?
Citizens of Athens voted in this body, which had broad powers to make laws, go to war, and consider various proposals and decrees.
What is the Ecclesia, or the Assembly?
This goddess was the goddess of hunting and caring for children.
Who is Artemis?
Greek soldiers were called these, named for their large shield, called a hoplon.
What are hoplites?
Sparta tended to rely on a large slave population, which were known as these.
What are helots?
This Greek mathematician is remembered for his theorem for calculating the lengths of sides of right triangles - which you used this year in Math.
Who is Pythagoras?
If someone in Athens was growing too powerful, they could vote to do this to them: a word which is still used today to signal that someone is being excluded from a group.
What is to ostracize them?
The gods of Olympus rebelled and went to war with this group, who were the sons of Gaia (the earth) and Uranus (the sky)
Who are the Titans?
This is the name of the formation that Greek soldiers would fight in, where they would lock shields and use their weapons over the top of them in one massive unit.
What is a phalanx?
This is the name of the war fought between Athens and Sparta in 431-404 BCE, which the Athenians ultimately lost.
What is the Peloponnesian War?
This Greek scientist and mathematician was among the most important of all. He calculated pi, found formulas for calculating areas, volumes, and surface areas of many shapes, and discovered principles of buoyancy, density, and volume.
Who is Archimedes?
Occasionally, Greek city-states would see a single person take power for themselves as this, and although the word today implies a negative connotation, many of these ruled benevolently in ancient Athens.
What is a tyrant?
She was the wife of Hades and the goddess of springtime, who was abducted to live with him in the Underworld.
Who is Persephone?
This was the name for the most common sailing ship Greeks used in their navies; although they had sails, they also came equipped with three decks of rowers for speed and maneuverability.
What are triremes?