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This is a piece of land surrounded by water on three sides.
What is a peninsula.
Thebes was located in central Greece in the region of Boeotia
Thebes
This physical feature made it difficult for Greek city-states to unite and encouraged the development of independent poleis.
What are mountains.
In Sparta, this small ruling group of a few people held political power.
What is an oligarchy.
The conflict between Athens and Sparta, which led to Athens' downfall, is known as this.
What is the Peloponnesian War.
The study of fundamental questions about knowledge, reality, and existence.
What is philosophy.
this city state controlled important trade routes between northern and southern Greece
Corinth
The name of the marketplace, or public meeting area, in a Greek polis.
What is an agora.
Name a Greek philosopher and what they studied/valued/believed
Aristotle, Plato, Socrates
These wars were fought between the Greek city-states and the Persian Empire.
What is the Persian War.
This city-state gave more rights to woman than other city-states
Sparta
This form of government, developed in Athens, allowed citizens to vote directly on laws.
What is democracy.
This important geographical feature provided Greeks with food, trade opportunities, and the spread of ideas.
What is the Mediterranean Sea?
This sea is to the west of Greece
Iionan Sea
marked a crucial uprising of Greek city-states against Persian rule fueled by aspirations for independence
The Ionian Revolt
A period of great prosperity, cultural achievement, and stability.
What was the Golden Age.
This city state was a sacred religious site dedicated to Apollo
Delphi
A fortified hilltop, often the religious and political center of a Greek polis.
What is the acropolis?
What happened at the Battle of Salamis?
The Persians moved on to Attica and found it deserted. They set fire to Athens with flaming arrows. Xerxes’ fleet held the Athenian ships bottled up between the coast of Attica and the island of Salamis. His ships outnumbered the Greek ships three to one. The Persians had expected an easy victory, but one after another their ships were sunk or crippled.
Crowded into the narrow strait, the heavy Persian vessels moved with difficulty. The lighter Greek ships rowed out from a circular formation and rammed their prows into the clumsy enemy vessels. Two hundred Persian ships were sunk, others were captured, and the rest fled. Xerxes and his forces hastened back to Persia.
In 490 BCE, Athenian hoplites courageously charged into battle, demonstrating superior tactics and determination, ultimately securing their independence
Battle of Marathon
The was a temple in Athens dedicated to Athena
What type of Government did Athens begin with?
What is a monarchy
Where were Olympics held?
Olympia
Put these battles in order: Salamis, Plataea, Thermopylae, Mycale, Marathon
Battle of Marathon (490 BC)
The Athenians defeated a larger Persian army, proving the Greeks could beat Persia on land.
Battle of Thermopylae (480 BC)
King Leonidas I of Sparta and his small force held off the Persians at a narrow pass but were eventually defeated.
Battle of Salamis (480 BC)
The Greek navy used the narrow straits to trap and destroy many Persian ships.
Battle of Plataea (479 BC)
Greek city-states united and defeated the Persian army on land, ending the Persian invasion of Greece.
Battle of Mycale (479 BC)
On the same day as Plataea, Greek forces attacked and destroyed the remaining Persian fleet in Asia Minor.
Quick memory trick for students:
M – T – S – P – M
Marathon → Thermopylae → Salamis → Plataea → Mycale
Name this battle:
On the way to Athens, Xerxes found a small force of Greek soldiers holding the narrow pass of __________, which guarded the way to central Greece. The force was led by Leonidas, king of Sparta. Xerxes sent a message ordering the Greeks to deliver their arms. “Come and take them,” replied Leonidas.
For two days the Greeks’ long spears held the pass. Then a Greek traitor told Xerxes of a roundabout path over the mountains. When Leonidas saw the enemy approaching from the rear, he dismissed his men except the 300 Spartans, who were bound, like himself, to conquer or die. Leonidas was one of the first to fall. Around their leader’s body the gallant Spartans fought first with their swords, then with their hands, until they were slain to the last man.
Battle of Thermopylae