Oh! The places you will go
This island civilization developed before mainland Greek cultures and is named for a legendary king, Minos.
Minoan civilization (Crete / Knossos)
The Greek word for a city-state, which was the basic political unit in ancient Greece.
Polis
Name the empire that invaded Greece and fought the Persian Wars.
The Persian Empire
Two agricultural products that were staples of the Greek diet and economy (name both).
Grapes and Olives (Or wheat)
What is the name of the Greek marketplace/meeting place?
Agora
Name the large peninsula city-state known for its strong navy.
Athens
This form of government, practiced in Athens (by some citizens), allows citizens to vote on laws and leaders.
Democracy
Which battle (near Athens) was a famous Athenian victory in 490 BCE?
Battle of Marathon
What was the agora used for in Greek city-states? Give two uses.
Agora: marketplace and public meeting place for politics, social life, and trade
Define the term "phalanx" used in Greek warfare.
A tight infantry formation of soldiers with overlapping shields and long spears used by Greek armies.
This mountainous region and its many islands influenced Greek settlement and trade; name one sea that borders Greece.
Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea (any one)
An oligarchy is ruled by which group? Give the general social/economic description.
The wealthy / elite (often military generals, aristocrats, or nobles)
At Thermopylae, a small force of Greeks famously held a pass against the Persians. Which Greek city-state’s king led the 300 and died there?
King Leonidas of Sparta
Describe how Greece’s geography affected city-state development (focus on mountains/islands).
Mountains and islands led to isolated city-states with limited arable land, encouraging trade and war.
What does the term "polis" refer to in ancient Greece?
a city-state
Identify the Greek city-state located on the Peloponnesus famous for its military training and dual kingship.
Sparta
Explain briefly what a tyrant was in ancient Greek context
A tyrant was an illegitimate leader who seized power (often with popular support) and ruled outside traditional laws — not always cruel initially.
What naval battle destroyed much of the Persian fleet and helped secure Greek control of the sea?
Battle of Salamis
Explain why colonies were founded by Greeks and where they were commonly located.
Colonies were founded to obtain farmland and trade opportunities; they were commonly along Mediterranean and Black Sea coasts.
Explain what an acropolis is and give one purpose it served.
Acropolis = a high fortified area (often the religious and defensive center) used for temples and refuge during attacks.
Name the ancient city and archaeological site associated with the Mycenaean civilization, often linked to Homeric epics.
Mycenae
Describe the Spartan government structure including the two positions or groups that shared power.
Sparta had two kings, a council of elders, and elected ephors who shared power .
Name two major long-term results of the Persian Wars for Greece (state two different effects).
Athens rose to greater power and led the Delian League; (2) Increased sense of Greek identity and confidence; (alternative valid answers: economic and political shifts, growth of Athenian democracy and empire)
Give two ways Homer’s epics (the Iliad and Odyssey) influenced Greek culture
Homer’s epics preserved heroic ideals, taught values like honor and bravery, and provided a shared cultural history/mythic past for Greeks.
What is Trireme
Small ships used in Ancient Greece