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Mainland Greece is this type of landform, which is land surrounded by water on three sides.
What is a peninsula?
From about 2000 to 800 B.C.E., most Greek city-states were ruled by this type of leader who inherited power.
What is a monarch (or king)?
This city-state's government was an oligarchy where real power rested with the Council of Elders.
What is Sparta?
This massive empire was the common enemy of both Athens and Sparta between 499 and 479 B.C.E..
What is the Persian Empire?
He is known as the "father of history" for presenting facts rather than just his own opinion.
Who was Herodotus?
These two physical features contributed most to the isolation of ancient Greek communities.
What are mountains and seas?
In this form of government, ruling power is in the hands of a few wealthy men, usually aristocrats.
What is an oligarchy?
Athenians used these small decorated items—one side featuring Athena and the other an owl—to make trade easier.
What are coins?
This leader directed the rebuilding of Athens after the Persian Wars and promoted the Parthenon.
What is Pericles?
This Greek man is called the "father of medicine" because he believed diseases had natural causes.
Who was Hippocrates?
Because water was scarce and the land was rocky, most Greek farmers grew these two specific crops.
What are grapes and olives?
This type of leader differs from a king because he has no legal limit on his power and usually takes control by force.
What is a tyrant?
Instead of trade, Sparta relied on farming and conquest, using these enslaved villagers to provide their food.
What are helots?
This famous Greek philosopher tutored Alexander the Great in science, public speaking, and philosophy.
What is Aristotle?
According to Roman myth, this twin brother killed his sibling and became the first king of Rome.
Who was Romulus?
As populations increased, Greek communities did this to find more farmland and ship food back home.
What is starting colonies?
Unlike the United States' representative democracy, the government of Athens was this type, where every citizen voted on every issue.
What is a direct democracy?
In Athens, this huge marketplace was the center of the economy where people bought and sold goods.
What is the agora?
At this battle, 300 Spartans fought to the death to hold a narrow pass against the Persian army.
What is the Battle of Thermopylae?
Early Romans built their first village on this hill overlooking the Tiber River.
What is the Palatine Hill?
Ancient Greek sailors lacked these two navigation tools, forcing them to rely on the stars.
What are compasses and charts?
This was the name of the lawmaking group in Athens where any free man could speak and vote.
What is the assembly?
Unlike women in Athens, Spartan women had these two specific rights.
What are owning property and expressing political opinions?
A way a moving water long distances in ancient Rome.
What is a Cuniculus
Romans adapted these two specific engineering structures from their neighbors, the Etruscans.
What are the arch and the cuniculus?