Early Years
the hereditary class of rulers, Greek for “rule by the best people”
Aristocracy
Greek military formation of heavily armed foot soldiers who moved together as a unit
Phalanx
What type of economy did Athens have?
Democracy
the worship of many gods or deities
polytheism
a long spear or pike about 4 to 6 m in length used during battle
sarissa
“high city” in Greek, this is the upper part of a city-state where public buildings and the city’s defenses were located
acropolis
the form of government in which citizens hold political power
democracy
were the lowest class and did not have any identity and had no voting rights.
slaves
Greek victory over the Persian army that ended the First Persian War
Battle of Marathon
the period in Greece when their culture flourished, spreading through the Mediterranean and into the near East and Asia. The center was in Alexandria in Egypt.
Hellenistic
A Greek city-state
Polis
How do oligarchy and tyranny differ?
An oligarchy and tyranny differ because in an oligarchy people are ruled by a group and in a tyranny, people are ruled by one strong ruler.
a person who pays rent, either in money or in crops, to grow crops on another person’s land
tenant farmer
Greek victory over the Persian navy during the Second Persian War
Battle of Salamis
the study of the culture, history, language, and literature of ancient Greece
classical civilization
How did citizens take part in the running of their polis?
Citizens took part in the running of a polis by all coming together and meeting to create and make laws and decisions.
Messenian person who was forced to do work as a lowly farmer in Sparta
Helot
a foreigner in a Greek city-state, often a merchant or artisan
metic
an oath taken by medical students swearing to practice medicine in an ethical way
Hippocratic Oath
How did Alexander’s men use the sarissa?
Alexander’s men used the sarissa by marching or charging toward their enemies bristling the spear toward them.
What role did the aristocracy play in politics?
The role that aristocracy played in politics is that it often led to the government being ruled by only people that came from the same family. This would lead to problems because they would only make decisions that alter their life and not the citizens of the polis.
What is a military state like?
A military state is an area that is centered around a warrior culture. This means that all male citizens had only one job and that was to be a warrior/soldiers.
someone who has the right to vote and participate in government affairs.
citizen
What groups made up the Delian League and the Peloponnesian League?
Delian League: most of the Aegean Islands, Melos, Thera, Chalcidice, most of Ionia, and Athens
Peloponnesian League: Sparta, Corinth, Epidaurus, Boeotia, Ambracia, and Kythira
What cultures influenced the Hellenistic Culture?
The cultures that influenced the Hellenistic culture were Egyptian, Persian, and Indian cultures.