Important People
Made developments within the medical field.
Hippocrates
Define enslavement.
Condition of being owned by someone else.
What forms of government did Athens and Sparta have?
Athens - Democracy
Sparta - Oligarchy
Where did Athenian men gather each morning to discuss politics and current events?
What were the two sides in the Peloponnesian War? Who won the war?
Athens vs. Sparta
Sparta defeated Athens
Developed concepts of geometry. Believed that the Earth was a disc floating in water.
Thales of Miletus
Define oligarchy.
Rule by a few.
At what age could individuals participate in government in Athens? In Sparta?
Athens - 20 years old (officially a citizen)
Sparta - 30 years old (officially a citizen, could vote)
What made an individual a citizen of Athens?
20 years old, male, born in Athens, both parents are Athenian.
What weakened Athens during the Peloponnesian War?
Plague
Named the "Wisest Man in Greece", Developed a method of questioning to teach his students.
Socrates
Define democracy.
Rule by the people.
What were the government bodies in Athenian democracy? How did people gain government positions in Athens?
The Assembly - All eligible citizens could participate and vote.
Council of 500 - Chosen via lottery
The Courts - Chosen via lottery
What were the main social classes of Athens?
Citizens
Metics - Those born outside the city-state.
Slaves - either owned by private individuals or by the state.
What was the name of the alliance group led by Athens?
The Delian League
Ancient Greek mathematician and inventor. Developed integral calculus and military technology.
`Archimedes
Define citizen.
Those who took part in government.
What did the Spartan government consist of?
2 Kings - 1 in charge of army, 1 in charge of matters at home.
Council of Elders - 28 male citizens over 60
Citizen Assembly
What were the social classes of Sparta?
Citizens - men born in Sparta, over 30 years old
Non-citizens - Women and those not born in Sparta
Helots (Slaves) - Many were taken as slaves after their territory was taken.
Themistocles encouraged the construction of what military device during the Persian War?
Triremes.
Who was the author of The Iliad and The Odyssey?
Homer
Define polis.
City-state (basic political unit)
Name one reformer of Athenian Democracy and what they did.
Draco - Created a code of law, gave political rights to those who could afford bronze armor and weapons.
Solon - Eliminated debt slavery of citizens. There were now 4 economic classes, top 3 could participate in government.
Cleisthenes - Drove out overpowering aristocratic family, created a representation system based on geography.
Ephialtes - Limited power of the Areopagus (oligarchic element of government). No longer had power over the Assembly and Council of 500.
What reforms did Lycurgus pass in Sparta?
- Creation and use of iron currency
- Citizens ate at a shared table
- Banning of the arts
Who was responsible for the fall of Greece?
King Philip II of Macedonia