Important People
Who was the author of The Iliad and The Odyssey?
Homer
Define Monarchy.
Rule by one.
What forms of government did Athens and Sparta have?
Athens - Democracy
Sparta - Oligarchy
What were the social classes within Sparta?
Citizens - men born in Sparta, over 30 years old
Non-citizens - Women and those not born in Sparta
Slaves (Helots) - Many were taken as slaves after their territory was taken.
What were the two sides in the Peloponnesian War? Who won the war?
Athens vs. Sparta.
Sparta defeated Athens
Made developments within the medical field.
Hippocrates
Define Enslavement.
Condition of being owned by someone else.
True or False: Athenian women were able to participate in government.
False.
What were the social classes of Athens?
Citizens
Metics - Those born outside the city-state.
Slaves - either owned by private individuals or by the state.
What was the name of the alliance group Athens led?
The Delian League
Developed concepts of geometry. Believed that the Earth was a disc floating in water.
Thales of Miletus
Define Oligarchy.
Rule by a few.
What were the different groups within Athenian demorcary? How did people get government positions in Athens?
The Assembly - All eligible citizens could participate and vote.
Council of 500 - Chosen via lottery
The Courts - Chosen via lottery
20 years old, male, born in Athens, both parents are Athenian.
What weakened Athens during the Peloponnesian War?
Ancient Greek mathematician and inventor. Developed integral calculus and military technology.
Archimedes.
Define democracy.
Rule by the people.
What did the Spartan government consist of?
2 Kings - 1 in charge of army, 1 in charge of matters at home.
Council of Elders - 28 male citizens over 60
Citizen Assembly
Where did Athenian men gather each morning to discuss politics and current events?
The Agora.
Themistocles encouraged the construction of what military device during the Persian War?
Triremes.
Athenian philosopher, named the "Wisest Man in Greece". Developed a method of questioning to teach his students.
Socrates
Define citizen.
Name one reformer of Athenian Democracy and what they did.
Draco - Created a code of law, gave political rights to those who could afford bronze armor and weapons.
Solon - Eliminated debt slavery of citizens. There were now 4 economic classes, top 3 could participate in government.
Cleisthenes - Drove out overpowering aristocratic family, created a representation system based on geography.
Ephialtes - Limited power of the Areopagus (oligarchic element of government). No longer had power over the Assembly and Council of 500.
What reforms did Lycurgus pass in Sparta?
- Creation and use of iron currency
- Citizens ate at a shared table
- Banning of the arts
Who was responsible for the fall of Ancient Greece?
King Philip II of Macedonia.