Sparta
True or False? All boys had to go to army camp when they turned eight years old.
False. Boys went to army camp when they turned seven years old.
What things did the people of Athens focus on?
Athenians focused on art, science, architecture, and on becoming a better version of oneself.
Who fought in the battle of Marathon?
The Athenians and Persians.
Who fought this battle?
Persians vs. Spartans
Name at least 3 places that Alexander the Great's army conquered.
Greece, Persian Empire, Egypt, Asia, India
How many kings did the Spartans have? Why?
Spartans had two kings so that if one died or went to battle, they would still have another one. Also, so that the power would not fall on only one person.
Who got to choose the leaders of Athens?
The athenian people got to vote for their leaders (only men who were rich and born in Athens could vote)
When people get to vote for their leaders, this is called a Democracy.
Why did Persia start this battle?
The Persians were upset that the Athenians had helped another city-state in battle.
Who won this battle?
The Persians
Why is Alexander the Great still famous today?
He built the largest empire during his time by conquering many places.
Name two challenges Spartan women faced.
1. Having to have lots of children.
2. Not being allowed to vote.
3. Women were not allowed to be in government
4. Women had to watch their boys go to army camp at a young age.
How was life in Athens different for boys and girls?
Boys got to go to school while girls had to stay home and learn to cook, clean, sew, etc. Girls learned some math from their moms.
Women were not allowed to attend assemblies. Boys were.
Who did the Athenians ask for help? How did they ask them for help?
They asked the Spartans.
They sent Pheidippides to go ask them for help. He ran hundreds of miles.
Why did the Persians start this battle?
They were trying to get back at the Greeks for winning the last battle (battle of Marathon)
Name some things during Alexander's childhood that prepared him to be the conqueror he was.
He was smart (taught by Aristotle). He practiced sword fighting, running long distances, and swimming in icy waters. He tamed his own horse.
Name two challenges Spartan boys faced.
1. Boys had to join the army at a young age.
2. Army camp was not comfortable - the food was not good and they didn't dress in nice clothes.
3. They weren't able to see their moms and sisters very often.
4. They had to learn how to be barefoot.
How were Athenians and Spartans different?
Athenians didn't give as much importance to their military. They focused more on knowledge, art, science, and their democracy.
Sparta focused more on having the strongest military.
The Athenians won even though they were outnumbered by the Persians. Explain what strategy helped them win the Battle of Marathon.
They lined up the soldiers, putting only a few in the middle to make it appear as the weak spot. The majority of the soldiers were on the sides. When the Persians went for the middle, the Athenians surrounded them and the Persians retreated.
How did the Persians get to Thermopylae?
They crossed the channel using a floating bridge they built.
How did Alexander decide it was time to stop conquering more land?
His soldiers asked him to go back home after having fought for 13 years. Alexander accepted.
Part I. Who was eligible to form part of the Spartan government (which they called a council)?
Part II. Who made decisions for Sparta?
1. Men that were older than sixty years old.
2. The two kings along with the twenty-eight elders that formed part of the council made decisions for Sparta.
Name two of Athens' greatest contributions.
Art, Science, Architecture, Democracy
What is a tribute that we still give to Pheidippides today?
We have Marathons which are 26 mile-long races to honor him. This was the distance from Marathon back to Athens.
How did the Spartans prove they were strong and brave in this battle?
They still stayed and fought even though they were very outnumbered by the Persians. They did not give up.
What happened to Alexander's Empire after he died?
It did not last. The generals split up the land.