Geography
These are the two primary characteristics of Greek’s geography
What are mountains and seas.
These separated Greek communities and made them fiercely independent
What are steep mountains and deep valleys?
Two things that brought down the Mycenaean civilization
What were fighting between kingdoms and earthquakes?
These were the descendants of the people who ran away to the islands during the Dark Ages.
Who were the Hellenes, or Greeks?
Each Greek town and surrounding area was called this.
What is a City-State?
Greek citizens had these responsibilities in exchange for their rights.
What are fighting as citizen soldiers and serving in government?
The Mediterranean Sea and the Aegean Sea
What are the two bodies of water surrounding 3 sides of Greece?
This is the island where Greeks think civilization began.
What is Crete?
The approximate year the Mycenaean civilization crumbled.
What is 1100 B.C.E?
New ideas, new skills, new crafts
Good things the Greeks brought to the mainland.
Another word for City-State
What is polis?
These lucky guys got to ride horses and chariots into wars.
Who were wealthy nobles?
Two places where Greeks were actually able to farm
What are the long narrow plains along Greece’s coast and the valleys between the mountains?
This is what we call the first Greek civilization, which began on an island.
What is the Minoan civilization?
The Dorians
Who were the group of people who invaded and took control of Greece from the Mycenaeans?
When the Greeks started making these from metal, trade increased even more.
What are coins for money?
The acropolis
The hilltop at the center of a city-state where the fort and temples were built.
Hoplites
What are citizen foot soldiers.
This body of land has water on three sides of it.
This is where the Mycenaeans settled after they left Central Asia.
What was Greece’s mainland?
Historians say the Greek Dark Ages lasted about this long.
What is 300 years?
The Greeks established these kinds of far away settlements to help feed their growing population
What are colonies?
This city-state space was used as a marketplace and general gather place.
What is an agora?
Phalanx
What is a unified formation in war?
This is the biggest difference between Greece’s geography and the geography of other large civilizations that we’ve studied.
Greece was not settled around a major river, or river valleys with rich soil.
These are three things that the Mycenaeans learned from the Minoans.
What are ship building, working with bronze, and navigating by the sun and stars?
Three examples why historians call this the Dark Ages.
People stopped writing and keeping records, trade slowed down, farmers only grew enough food for their families, people were very poor.
Grains, metals, fish, timber, and enslaved people are examples of this.
These are what the colonies traded with the mainland.
Free, land-owning men.
Who were considered citizens in most Greek city-states?
This divided and weakened Greece, making it easier to be conquered.
Citizens had too much loyalty to their own city-states, and weren’t unified as a country.
They fought the Trojan War.
Who were the Mycenaeans?
A positive thing that happened during the Dark Ages.
What was iron making, which meant stronger and cheaper weapons and farming tools.
The Greeks adopted their alphabet from these traders
Who were the Phoenicians?
Some examples of Greek citizens’ rights
The right to vote, own property, be elected to public office, defend yourself in court.
Another name for storytellers who pass tales on from generation to generation.
What are bards?