Investigating the Ancient Past
These visible patterns in growing crops can reveal buried walls, roads and ancient buildings without excavation.
What are crop marks?
This archaeologist famously excavated Troy during the nineteenth century and believed he had discovered the city described by Homer.
Who is Heinrich Schliemann?
Palmyra became wealthy partly because of its position along trade networks commonly given this name.
What is the Silk Road?
Rome and Carthage fought three major conflicts collectively known by this name.
What are the Punic Wars?
This term describes the study of material remains from the past, including buildings, artefacts and human remains.
What is archaeology?
This archaeological method involves systematically digging into a site and recording artefacts, features and layers.
What is excavation?
Troy was located in this modern-day country.
What is Türkiye ?
Palmyra acted as a cultural and commercial meeting point between these two broad regions.
What are East and West?
This Carthaginian commander famously crossed the Alps with his army during the Second Punic War.
Who is Hannibal Barca?
This ancient Greek poet is traditionally credited with composing the Iliad, which tells part of the story of the Trojan War.
Who is Homer?
Technologies such as ground-penetrating radar allow archaeologists to investigate sites without digging them up. What type of archaeological technique is this?
What is non-invasive archaeology?
his archaeologist excavated Troy in the 1870s and controversially dug a large trench through the site, damaging later archaeological layers.
Who is Heinrich Schliemann?
These FOUR areas provide evidence of Eastern and Western cultural influences on Palmyra.
What are art, language, architecture and religion?
At this 216 BCE battle, Hannibal used a double-envelopment strategy to surround and destroy a much larger Roman army.
What is the Battle of Cannae?
This technology allows archaeologists to detect and map structures buried beneath the ground without excavation by sending radar signals into the soil.
What are crop marks? What is Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR)?
Ötzi, Tollund Man and Tutankhamun demonstrate how environmental conditions can allow this to happen to human remains for thousands of years.
What is preservation?
This archaeologist followed Schliemann at Troy and used more systematic excavation methods, identifying different layers of occupation and arguing that Troy VI was an important Bronze Age city.
Who is Wilhelm Dörpfeld?
Zenobia expanded Palmyrene control into these TWO wealthy Roman regions.
What are Egypt and Asia Minor?
This Roman commander defeated Hannibal at the Battle of Zama in 202 BCE.
Who is Scipio Africanus?
This ancient Greek historian lived during the second century BCE, spent time in Rome, and wrote a major account of the Punic Wars. Unlike Livy, he lived much closer to the events he described and attempted to investigate military events carefully.
Who is Polybius?Who is Polybius?
Archaeologists study the order and relationship of different soil layers at a site using this method.
What is stratigraphy?
Give TWO reasons why Troy's geographical location was strategically important.
What are control of important trade routes and a defensible position overlooking the surrounding region and waterways?
This Roman emperor defeated Zenobia and brought Palmyra back under Roman control.
Who is Emperor Aurelian?
At this 207 BCE battle, Roman forces defeated and killed Hannibal’s brother Hasdrubal before he could join Hannibal’s army in Italy.
What is the Battle of the Metaurus?
Livy wrote about the Second Punic War roughly two centuries after it occurred and wrote from a Roman perspective. What limitation does this create for historians?
What is bias and reliability?
-His Roman perspective and distance from the events may influence how he portrays Rome, Carthage and Hannibal, meaning his account should be compared with other evidence.