Ancient Tribes
Herodotus described this tribe in Northwest Saryarka as "owners of white-maned, fast horses."
Argippei
These unique stone structures in Central Kazakhstan were used as beacons or observatories.
"Mounds with Mustaches"
his valley in Eastern Kazakhstan is famous for having 51 "Royal Mounds."
Shilikti Valley
This term describes the mass death of livestock due to hunger and ice in the winter.
Dzhut
The Tasmola culture is named after a site located in this specific district of the Pavlodar region.
the Ekibastuz district
This tribe occupied the central part of Saryarka and is closely linked to the Tasmola culture.
Issedones
In Tasmola burials, a human is found in the large mound, while this animal is found in the small one.
a horse
This artifact, a symbol of power found in Shilikti, is made of gold and blue lapis lazuli.
What is the five-pointed star
This specific style of art focused on predators, deer, and mythical beasts.
"Animal Style"
This ancient fortress was built from wooden logs on a high hill along the Esil River.
the Aktau (or Ak-tau) fortress
Known as the "guardians of gold," these people lived in the mountains of the East.
Arimaspi
This archaeologist was the first to classify the Tasmola culture.
K. Akishev
In 1960, a king was found buried here in clothes decorated with over 4,000 gold plates.
the Shilikti "Golden Mound"
This river valley was the heart of the Kangju state and a major hub of the Silk Road.
the Syr Darya
According to Herodotus, the Argippei lived at the foot of these "high mountains."
the Ural Mountains
This group was defeated by the Xiongnu (Huns), causing a "domino effect" migration across the steppe.
Yuezhi
Unlike other cultures, the Tasmola people rarely used this material for dishes, preferring wood or metal.
clay (pottery)
This mythical creature, half-lion and half-eagle, was a popular subject in Berel gold art.
a Griffin
This was the primary reason people switched from farming to a nomadic lifestyle in the 1st millennium BCE.
climate change (aridization/drying)
This specific region of Kazakhstan is where most "mounds with mustaches" are located.
Central Kazakhstan (Saryarka)
These two states emerged as powerful successors to the Sakas in Southern and Eastern Kazakhstan.
the Kangju and Wusun
This is the specific number of different types of "mounds with mustaches" identified by scientists.
The burial of a man and an older woman in Berel was preserved for centuries due to this natural phenomenon.
permafrost (frozen ground)
The Wusun capital city, located near Lake Issyk-Kul, was known by this name.
Chigu
The Berel culture belongs to this specific mountain district in Eastern Kazakhstan.
the Katon-Karagai district