Ancient Greece
What was the name of the famous doctor known as the "Father of Medicine"
Pronunciation Counts!
Who is Hippocrates?
Hip-ah-cra-tees
Because dissecting human bodies was forbidden, this Roman physician dissected animals to study anatomy and map out nerves.
Who is Galen?
Cities like Ostia suffered from toxic infrastructure because their drinking water pipes were made of this heavy metal.
What is lead?
This theory was the belief that disease was caused by "bad air" and foul odors.
What is Miasma Theory?
The Black Death swept across Europe in the 1300s, killing this fraction of the total population in under five years.
What is 1 in 3 (or half of Europe)?
Ancient Greece was one of first to believe illness came from natural causes. What did people believe illness came from before that?
What are Darkness, Spirits, Gods, etc.?
These specialized battlefield hospitals were created by the Roman military to care for injured soldiers near the front lines.
What are valetudinaria?
DNA evidence shows that mass mortality among Romans (especially children) was caused by this disease spread by mosquitoes.
What is Malaria?
During the Middle Ages, illness was no longer treated with natural science, but was instead blamed on this/these ideas.
What are sin (punishment from God) and bad luck?
The medical name for the Black Death comes from giant, painful swellings called these.
What are buboes (Bubonic Plague)?
Early doctors believed disease was caused by an imbalance in these 4 liquids, a idea now proven completely wrong by modern medicine.
What are the Four Humors or Humors? Blood, Phlegm, yellow bile & black bile
These long stone bridges and channels supplied Roman cities with millions of gallons of fresh mountain water every day.
What are aqueducts?
After the collapse of Rome, healthcare in Western Europe shifted away from sanitation and toward this/these mindsets.
what is superstition, prayer & fear?
When public sanitation systems like sewers vanished, a lack of clean water and hygiene created perfect living conditions for these blood-sucking parasites.
What are fleas?
Trace the exact three-step chain of transmission that brought the plague bacteria from trade ships to humans.
What is Rat --> Flea --> Human?
Because doctors believed sickness came from having too much of one humor, they used this painful procedure to remove extra blood from patients.
Bloodletting
Long before stainless steel was invented, Roman surgeons forged tools like scalpels, bone drills, and forceps out of this metal.
What is bronze?
This word describes how medical progress moved backward from Greek and Roman natural science into medieval superstition.
What is regression?
Because clean water systems vanished and public hygiene was ignored, this major outbreak was able to spread much faster.
What is the Bubonic plague (or Black Death)?
Name two physical symptoms of the Black Death mentioned in your notes, besides swollen buboes.
What are high fevers, vomiting, or black skin spots (dead tissue)?
Observing symptoms, taking a patient history, asking questions, and tracking how an illness changes over time are all steps in this medical process.
What is a diagnosis?
This SPECIFIC massive underground sewer system carried waste away from the streets of Ancient Rome to improve public sanitation. Not an aqueduct.
What is the Cloaca Maxima?
Name two piece of sanitary infrastructure that were abandoned and ruined after Rome fell.
What are aqueducts and sewers?
Name two flawed medieval cures used by people who lacked scientific logic.
What are bloodletting, applying leeches, carrying flowers, or praying?
Name the three main items that made up a plague doctor's protective gear and outfit.
What are the stuffed beak mask, the head-to-toe leather suit, and the wooden cane?