Geography
Where is the source of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers?
底格里斯河和幼发拉底河的源头在哪里?
Asia Minor (Present-day Turkey)
小亚细亚(今土耳其)
What was the first civilization in Mesopotamia called?美索不达米亚平原上的第一个文明被称作？
Sumer
苏美尔
How long or how many years did Hammurabi spent working on domestic improvements?
汉谟拉比在位期间花费了多长的时间在国内的改进上？
29 years
How many codes of laws in total were carved on the eight-feet high stone slab?
在汉谟拉比法典的石碑上一共刻了多少条法典？
282
What is the name the god who is responsible for justice in Mesopotamia?
在美索不达米亚负责正义和公正的神明叫什么？
Shamash
沙美什
The Tigris and Euphrates rivers would experience flood , what were the causes for the flooding of the two rivers?
底格里斯河和幼发拉底河会发生不可预测的洪水，这两条河发生洪水的原因是什么?
Melting mountain snows from the north
北方山上的融雪
Rain.雨水
Most of the Sumer's city-states have canals, state the at least three reasons for having canals in the city-state.
大多数苏美尔的城邦都修建了运河，说出至少三个这些城邦修建运河的原因。
1. Irrigation 灌溉
2. Drink or daily uses 饮用或日常需求
3. For protection 保护作用
4. For transportation 运输作用
What is the name of the hometown of Sargon the great?
萨尔贡大帝的家乡叫什么名字?
Azukiranu
Which two figures were carved on the top portion of the Hammurabi's code of laws slab?
在汉谟拉比法典石碑的顶部刻画的是哪两个人物？
King Hammurabi 汉谟拉比
God of justice, Shamsh 沙美什
What is the name of the world's oldest recorded story?
世界上有记载的最古老的故事叫什么?
Epic of Gilgamesh.
吉尔伽美什史诗
An open area is on the South side of Mesopotamia which made it easy for enemies to attack cities in the Fertile Crescent. The open area was created by which two deserts?
美索不达米亚南部有一片开阔的区域，这使得敌人很容易攻击新月沃土的城市。这片开阔地带是由哪两个沙漠形成的?
Syrian and Arabian deserts.
叙利亚和阿拉伯沙漠。
City-states in Sumer usually included different types of buildings for different purposes. Name any 3 of the buildings you are most likely to see in a Sumerian city-state.
苏美尔的城邦通常都包含了很多不同的建筑，他们有不同的功能。说出任意3种你很可能在苏美尔城邦中见到的建筑。
Temple 寺庙
Walls 城墙
Farms/farmland 农场/农田
Palace 王宫
Government Place 政府办公地
Residential houses 居民房
A tribe invaded western Mesopotamia after the fall of Sargon' Akkadian Empire and established their capital at Babylon. What is the name of this tribe?
萨尔贡阿卡德帝国灭亡后，一个部落入侵美索不达米亚西部，并在巴比伦建立了他们的首都。这个部落叫什么名字?
Amorites
亚摩利人
The code of laws was often applied based on a person's social class. According to the Hammurabi's code of laws, if a landowner and a slave break the same law, who is going to be fined more heavily?
法典的适用通常是基于一个人的社会阶层。根据汉谟拉比法典，如果一个地主和一个奴隶违反了同样的法规，谁会被处以更重的罚款?
Landowner.地主
What are most of the residential houses made from during Sumerian time?
苏美尔人时期的大部分平民住宅是用什么建造的?
Mud 泥土
Tigris and Euphrates are rivers of different characteristics, but they also share commonalities. State two commonality of river Tigris and Euphrates.
底格里斯河和幼发拉底河的特点不同，但它们也有共同之处。说出底格里斯河和幼发拉底河的两个共性。
They both flood unpredictably.
他们都会不规律的发洪水
They both deposit fertile silt on the riverbanks.
他们都会在河岸边沉积肥沃的淤泥
What is the name of the city-state that located in the most northern side of Mesopotamia during Sumer?
苏美尔时期在位于美索不达米亚平原最北边的城邦叫做什么名字？
Nineveh 尼尼微
State at least three measures that were taken by Sargon the great to rule his newly established empire?
请说出萨尔贡大帝统治他新建立的帝国时所采取的至少三项措施?
Allowed people to keep their local rulers and customs.允许人们保留当地的统治者和习俗。
Introduced standard weights and measures.引入标准度量衡。
Made Akkadian the official language of the government.使阿卡德语成为政府的官方语言。
What do judges of Babylonia do on the court? (3 out of 4)
巴比伦时期法庭上的法官会做哪三件事？
Listened to statement. 聆听陈述
Examine evidence. 检查证据
Hear from witness. 聆听目击者的说法
Pronounce judgment. 宣判结果
What were the writing tools of Sumerian scribes made from?
苏美尔文明时期书记员的书写工具是由什么材料制成的？
Reeds 芦苇
or sharpened blades of grass 磨尖的草叶
Name three of the most common crops that were planted on Mesopotamia as food source.
说出三种在美索不达米亚最常见的作为食物来源的农作物。
Figs 无花果
Wheat 小麦
Barley 大麦
说出两种在苏美尔时期美索不达米亚平原所稀缺的自然资源
Tin and Copper
锡和铜
Give three reasons that led to the fall of Akkadian Empire.
给出导致阿卡德帝国灭亡的三个原因?
1. Sons of Sargon could not maintain order.1. 萨尔贡的儿子们无法维持秩序。
2. City-states rebelled.2. 城邦叛变。
3. Enemies from the northeast raided/invaded the boarders of the empire.来自东北的敌人袭击了这个帝国的边境。
4. Famine returned. 饥荒
Hammurabi's code of laws had very profound impact on later civilizations and their legal systems, even far from Mesopotamia. Give two examples of civilization that were influenced by Hammurabi's code of laws.
汉谟拉比法典对后来的文明及其法律体系产生了深远的影响，甚至对美索不达米亚以外的地区也有影响。举两个受汉谟拉比法典影响的文明例子。
Ancient Greece, Rome
古希腊，古罗马
Sumerians would place a small statue in temples, believing this statue would pray on their behalf while they are working on earthly activities like farming and fishing. What is this small statue called?
苏美尔人会在寺庙里放置一个小雕像，相信当他们从事农耕和捕鱼等世俗活动时，这个雕像会代表他们祈祷。这个小雕像叫什么?
Votive