Geography
What were the names of the two rivers that allowed Mesopotamia to become known as the “Fertile Crescent”?
Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
Who was at the top of the social hierarchy?
Rulers/King/Emperor
What was the first writing system known as?
Cuneiform
Where has Mr. Laufer needed to get surgery? (need 2)
Ankle, Bicep
What is a long poem that tell the stories of heroes known as?
Epic
What major problem did the canal system help solve? (Helped solve other problems including flooding, drought, and fighting over land)
Distribution of Water
Name 4 after school activities Mr. Laufer is involved with
Student Council, National History Day, Intramural Coach (basketball and soccer), HW Club
The Sumerians developed a math system based on what number?
60
What are the Hittites known for? (2)
They are known for their iron work (weapons) and the use of the chariot
What is the job title for someone who can read or write in Mesopotamia?
Scribe
What is a way of supplying water to an area of land known as?
Irrigation
Why was Gilgamesh important to society? (most important)
He was the main character in the first ever recorded epic; led to other written pieces
Why is the wheel a major advancement in society? What did this advancement lead to? (provide 2 examples)
It allows traveling to become quicker, easier, and you can travel further in a shorter amount of time; also leads to other inventions such as the plow, clay pottery wheel, wagon, chariot etc.
What are the Assyrians most known for?
Having a strong army and being very well organized/tactics such as burning crops and looting
Which three groups of people were punished the worst in Hammurabi’s Code?
Women, Children, and slaves
What does Mesopotamia stand for? Where is Mesopotamia located in modern times?
Land between two rivers; Modern day Iraq
What are 3 accomplishments of Sargon?
Created the world's first empire, developed a permanent army, one of the first to have soldiers use bow and arrows in battle
What two advancements did Sumerians make in the field of medicine? Describe these two.
Oil treatments for healing pains and aches on the outside of the body; surgery (trephination) healing the inside of the body
What brought an end to the Babylonian empire?
Hammurabi Died
Why Is the development of an empire important?
Land with different territories and people are under a single rule following similar laws and having a similar culture
What is the division of labor and why did it develop because of farming?
Division of labor: type of arrangement in which each worker specializes in a particular task or job; Developed because the geography allowed for a surplus of food; leading to more time to find new jobs
What empire was Hammurabi from? Why are his laws important to society? (2 reasons)
Babylon; His laws are important to society because they were the first written laws and they were the basis to our legal system today
What does the writing system allow Sumerians to do for the first time? Provide 3 examples for three separate occupations
Sumerians can now keep a record of what they do by being able to record information this includes
Priests: writing down religious prayers/songs
Doctors: writing down symptoms/peoples record
Science: record animal/plant names
Merchants: stock/trade experiences
Laws: legal documents
Writers: Epics, Stories; things will not be changed or forgotten
Why are the Phoenicians known as one of the most important civilizations to live in the fertile crescent? (2) How does the theme of movement fit into what the Phoenicians accomplished?
The Phoenicians were known for trading by SEA and the development of the alphabet; PIG: When they trade they are not only trading goods, but ideas that can be developed and changed from culture to culture (similar to the alphabet)
What is the social hierarchy of Ancient Sumer? Why are the ones at the top the most powerful? (2 reasons)
Kings (wealthy, job, chosen by the Gods)
Priests, Scribes, Government Officials (wealthy, job, connection with Gods)
Traders, Craftspeople, Merchants
Farmers, laborers, Women
Slaves