Stone Age
The 3 periods in the Stone Age
What are the Paleolithic Era (Old Stone Age) Mesolithic Era (Middle Stone Age) and Neolithic Era (New Stone Age).
These two inventions made farming in Mesopotamia possible
What are Irrigation systems and plows.
Benefits of living in ancient Mesopotamia
water source, flat fertile land, and rich supply of fish and waterfowl
How many empires of Mesopotamia were there? What are they in order?
4- Akkadian, Babylonian, Assyrian, and Neo-Babylonian
Who was the first king/ruler?
This discovery brought about the end of hunting and gathering.
What is Agriculture - the ability to grow crops and domesticate animals
These specialized jobs in Ancient Mesopotamia were available if you were not a slave.
What are farmers, fisherman, craftsmen, metalworkers, priests, landowners, government officials, and merchants?
Dangers of living in ancient Mesopotamia
Flood patterns were irregular, city states fought over water rights, did not provide any natural barriers, and limited vegetation and mineral resources
Which empire demanded loyalty of the governors, and if they were disloyal were replaced?
Akkadian Empire
What was the greatest achievement of the Akkadians?
They created the world's first empire.
3 characteristics of the Paleolithic Era (Old Stone Age)
Hunter-gatherers
Nomadic- moved from place to place
Temporary shelters
Everyone helped with finding food
Simple tools, clothing, etc
Social classes in early Mesopotamia
Upper- priests, landowners, and government officials
Middle- Merchants, artisans, farmers, and fishermen
Bottom- Slaves
The first major civilization in history
Sumer
Which empire had Hammurabi and his code of laws? What was it based on?
Babylonian Empire, and it was based on "an eye for an eye"
What did the Ancient Mesopotamians use to write on?
They used clay tablets or steles.
3 characteristics of the Neolithic Era?
Regular food supply
Stay in one place
Permanent shelters/homes
Specialization of labor and communities shared work
Better resources which led to trade
Duties of the king
Enforce the laws, collect taxes, build temples, make sure irrigation systems were maintained, led the army, and appointing officials to help rule
These structures made of mud brick were placed around the city states for protection.
What are walls?
Which empire would sometimes force entire populations to leave areas they had recently conquered? Please list some strategies they would also use in battle as well.
Assyrian Empire.
Strategies were siege warfare, battering rams, iron weapons, and moveable towers.
Which society was unusually fair for its time? How so?
Babylonian Empire.
Slaves could work elsewhere and keep their wages, could own property, and could buy their freedom.
Women could own their own property, and could keep money of their own.
3 Landforms in Ancient Mesopotamia
Zagros Mountains, Syrian Desert and Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
Characteristics of a civilization
Stable food supply, social class structure, government, religion, culture, technology, and writing
These things needed to happen first before a system of trade.
What is irrigation, the plow, and the wheel/cart helped crops grow which led to a surplus of food and then a system of trading
Which empire built 2 thick walls (an inner wall and an outer wall? How thick was it? What other defense did it have?
Neo-Babylonian Empire.
Walls were thick enough for 2 chariots to pass each other atop them.
A moat was dug around the outer wall.
Which downfall was because of the Persians?
Neo-Babylonian Empire