Roman Republic
What is the term for a political system consisting of an independent city and its surrounding territory?
city-state
What era is known as the "Pax Romana"? Describe it and who it started with.
Period of peace from 27 B.C.E to 180 C.E.. Started with Agustus.
Who was named dictator perpetuo in 44 B.C.?
Julius Caesar
What was the main religion preserved during the fall of the Roman Empire?
Christianity
What is one reason cited for the fall of the Western Roman Empire?
invasions by Germanic tribes
Who was overthrown to establish the Roman Republic in 509 B.C.?
Etrusucan King
Who was the first emperor of Rome?
Augustus
What was Julius Caesar's famous phrase after a swift victory?
"Veni, vidi, vici"
How did Rome expand its territory?
through military conquest, alliances, and integration
How did economic problems contribute to the fall of Rome?
high taxes to support mercenaries and inflation
What were the two main social classes in the Roman Republic?
Patricians and Plebeians
What significant architectural feature was built during the Roman Empire for public entertainment?
Colosseum
granted more Roman citizenship, gave land to poor, gave jobs to poor, calendar
What cultural influence did the Romans adopt from the Greeks?
Greco-Roman civilization, architecture, philosophy
What social issues weakened the Roman Empire leading to its fall?
social decay (bread and circuses) and the wealth gap
What is the significance of the term "Res Publica" in relation to the Roman government?
root of the word "Republic" meaning public affairs or thing
What led to the split of the Roman Empire into Eastern and Western parts?
division by Emperor Diocletian bc it was too big for one person to run
What role did Augustus take after the fall of the Republic?
Emperor
Define the term "authoritarian" as it relates to government.
a governing system that concentrates power in one authority
Who was the Roman Emperor that split the empire into East and West?
Diocletian
Name one of the major conflicts fought between Rome and Carthage. Why did this happen?
Punic Wars. They wanted islands that belonged to Carthage.
What year did the Western Roman Empire officially fall?
476 C.E.
What political issues did Augustus claim to resolve during his reign?
political violence, land theft, and dysfunction?
How did the Roman legacy influence modern governments?
commitment to rule of law and justice, innocent until proven guilty, trial by jury, idea of a representative government
What long-term change occurred in Italy after the fall of Rome?
many people continued to live as they did before, while Germanic customs gradually replaced Roman culture