THE ROMAN REPUBLIC
What form of government allows certain citizens to elect leaders rather than being ruled by a king?
What is a republic?
Which Roman general crossed the Rubicon and later became dictator?
Who was Julius Caesar?
What term describes the period of relative peace and stability during the Roman Empire?
What is the Pax Romana?
What is a person called who is sent out to spread a religious message?
What is a missionary?
Which Roman ruler introduced the tetrarchy to help govern the empire?
Who was Diocletian?
Which two social classes competed over political rights in the Roman Republic?
Who are the patricians and plebeians?
Who was the wealthy Roman who joined Caesar and Pompey in the First Triumvirate?
Who was Crassus?
What were the Roman apartment buildings that often housed poorer city residents called?
What are insulae?
What 313 CE edict established religious toleration, including for Christians?
What is the Edict of Milan?
What was the title for the dominant male head of a Roman household?
What is the paterfamilias?
What set of written laws made Roman law more publicly accessible?
What are the Twelve Tables?
What battle helped Octavian defeat Antony and consolidate power?
What was the Battle of Actium?
What phrase refers to public food distributions and entertainment used to help satisfy the Roman population?
What is bread and circuses?
Which emperor is associated with establishing Christianity as the official religion of the Roman Empire?
Who was Theodosius?
What was a Roman military unit of approximately 5,000 troops called?
What is a legion?
Which Carthaginian general crossed the Alps during the war against Rome?
Who was Hannibal?
What title was given to Octavian as he established the Roman imperial system?
Who was Augustus?
What revolt was led by an enslaved gladiator named Spartacus?
What was the revolt of Spartacus?
Which apostle and missionary helped spread Christianity to non-Jewish communities?
Who was Paul?
What city became an important imperial center under Constantine?
What is Constantinople?
Explain two ways Rome’s military expansion helped Rome and also created problems for the Republic.
Rome gained territory, wealth, and influence, but expansion also contributed to inequality, land concentration, and political unrest.
Explain how military recruitment changes and economic inequality weakened the Roman Republic.
Economic inequality caused unrest, while soldiers increasingly relied on commanders for rewards and loyalty, making armies a source of political power.
Explain how roads and trade strengthened Rome while urban poverty remained a problem.
Roads supported military movement, communication, and commerce, but city growth also created crowded housing and persistent inequality.
Describe how Roman policy toward Christianity changed from periods of persecution to official imperial support.
Christians faced persecution at times; Constantine supported religious toleration, and Theodosius later established Christianity as the official religion.
Compare the goals of Diocletian and Constantine in addressing challenges facing the Roman Empire.
Both sought to strengthen imperial government. Diocletian reorganized rule through the tetrarchy, while Constantine reshaped imperial power and established Constantinople as a major center.