Roman Innovations
Built in 80 CE, this entertainment arena could even stage mock naval battles
What is the Colosseum?
Rome’s first “mall” was called this.
What is Trajan’s Market?
His move of the capital from Rome to Constantinople weakened the Western Empire.
Who is Constantine?
When Rome’s expansion stopped, no new ___ flowed into the treasury.
What is wealth (gold or tribute)?
These paid foreign soldiers replaced loyal citizen-soldiers.
Who are mercenaries? (Germanic Warriors).
Many Romans stopped serving the empire, showing a loss of this civic virtue.
What is patriotism (or civic duty)?
This structure carried 300 million gallons of water a day into Rome.
What is an aqueduct?
Rome had about 1,300 of these for the public to use.
What is a public drinking fountain?
The Pax Romana ended with the death of this emperor.
Who is Marcus Aurelius?
The overreliance on these unpaid labourers discouraged innovation.
Who are slaves?
These networks, once key to Rome’s success, later gave invaders easy access to Roman cities.
What are Roman roads?
This religion was accused by some of weakening Rome’s civic and moral values.
What is Christianity?
This ancient sewer system’s name means “Greatest Sewer."
What is the Cloaca Maxima?
This program distributed free grain to 300,000 families a year.
What is the Roman welfare system (Annona)?
Government overspending and this economic problem weakened Rome’s finances.
What is inflation?
These large landowners controlled most farmland, leaving small farmers poor.
Who are patricians?
This nomadic group from Asia pushed the Germanic tribes into Roman lands, setting off a chain of invasions.
Who are the Huns?
After the fall, Western Europe entered this long historical period.
What is the Middle Ages?
This building’s dome remained the largest in the world for 18 centuries.
What is the Pantheon?
These massive public bathing complexes were called___.
What are thermae?
This emperor divided the empire into East and West to make it easier to govern.
Who is Diocletian?
Rome’s public services (aqueducts, baths, arenas) drained the treasury because of these.
What are maintenance costs (or high upkeep expenses)?
The invasions by this "barbaric" group cut off Rome’s grain supply from North Africa.
Who are the Vandals?
The abbreviation SPEM stands for ___
What is Social, Political, Economic, and Military?
Romans used this concrete heating system to warm their floors.
What is a hypocaust?
This Roman newspaper was carved on metal or stone and displayed publicly.
What is the Acta Diurna?
This last Roman emperor was killed by Odoacer.
Who is Romulus Augustulus?
Because Rome did not produce many valuable goods for trade, they often imported luxury items and exported gold — creating this kind of imbalance.
What is a trade deficit?
This barbarian general officially ended the Western Roman Empire when he overthrew the last emperor in 476 CE.
Who is Odoacer?
This famous Roman phrase refers to the government’s desire to keep the poor content by providing free food and entertainment.
What is “bread and circuses?”