KEY TERMS
IDENTIFICATIONS
ROME'S GEOGRAPHY &
EARLY HISTORY
THE PUNIC WARS
THE END OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC
100
This is a type of government in which citizens elect their leaders. The Romans were the first civilization to adopt this system of government.
What is a republic? (Study Guide: Part I, #1)
100
This Egyptian queen formed an alliance with Julius Caesar as a way to maintain her rights to the Egyptian throne. She eventually fell in love with Caesar's ally, Mark Antony.
Who is Cleopatra? (Study Guide: Part I, #10)
100
This is the river that was critical to the development of Roman civilization.
What is the Tiber River? (Study Guide: Part II, #1)
100
TRUE OR FALSE: Rome lost the first two Punic Wars, due to Carthage's obvious naval superiority and the leadership of their general, Hannibal?
What is FALSE? (Study Guide: Part II, #8)
100
This is the person who emerged as Rome's leader and first emperor, after the civil war and final collapse of the Republic.
Who is Octavian (aka Augustus Caesar)? (Study Guide: Part II, #14)
200
This is an ordinary citizen of ancient Rome who made up Rome's middle and lower classes. 
What is a plebeian? (Study Guide: Part I, #3)
200
This Roman leader conquered Gaul and then declared himself "dictator for life." He was assassinated two years later by his political opponents, like Brutus.
Who is Julius Caesar? (Study Guide: Part I #9)
200
This is the system of government that replaced monarchy in Rome, AFTER the Romans overthrew the Etruscan king in 509 B.C.
What is a republic? (Study Guide: Part II, #4)
200
This is the group of people/civilization that became the ruler of the entire Mediterranean region after the Punic Wars.
What is The Romans/Rome? (Study Guide: Part II, #9)
200
This is why some Romans opposed Caesar AND the actions that they took against him.
What is that they felt he was getting too powerful and would restore monarchy in Rome. They plotted his assassination and carried it out by stabbing him to death in the Senate House on the Ides of March (March 15, 44 B.C) (Study Guide: Part II, 12)
300
This is a member of ancient Rome's ruling class. 
What is a patrician? (Study Guide: Part I, #2)
300
This is a group of people who migrated to the Italian peninsula around 800 B.C. They had a great influence on early Roman civilization.
Who are the Etruscans? (Study Guide: Part II, #8)
300
This is the aspect of Rome's geography that protected the city against enemy attacks.
What are the 7 steep hills that surround the city of Rome? (Study Guide: Part II, #3)
300
This is why Carthage became Rome's main rival around 264 B.C.
What is because both Rome and Carthage wanted to control the entire Mediterranean Sea region AND Rome was offended by and determined to put a stop to the child sacrifices performed by the Carthaginians in times of drought and war? (Study Guide: Part II, #7)
300
This is the 200-year period of peace and prosperity that began with Octavian's reign as emperor.
What is the Pax Romana? (Study Guide: Part II, #15)
400
This is the branch of the Roman Republic that advised the consuls, debated foreign policy, and proposed new laws. It was made up of 300 patrician men.
What is the Roman Senate? (Study Guide: Part I, #5)
400
This general led the Carthaginians during the Second Punic War.
Who is Hannibal? (Study Guide: Part I, #6)
400
This is how the Etruscans influenced early Rome.
What is by migrating to the Italian peninsula around 800 B.C. and controlling the city of Rome for about 100 years. They also influenced Rome's religion, architecture, and military. (Study Guide: Part II, #2)
400
This is how many years it has been since 264 B.C., when the First Punic War broke out.
What is 2,282 years? (NOT ON STUDY GUIDE!)
400
This is what Octavian believed Mark Antony was planning to do with Cleopatra's help.
What is to become sole ruler of Rome, by joining his army with Cleopatra's army and then defeating Octavian's army? (Study Guide: Part II, #13)
500
These are the two patricians who served the government for one-year terms as administrators of the government AND leaders of the Roman army.
What are the consuls? (Study Guide: Part I, #4)
500
This is the Roman general who defeated Hannibal and his forces at the Battle of Zama.
Who is Scipio? (Study Guide: Part I, #7)
500
These are the causes and effects of the plebeian strike of 494 B.C.
What is that the plebeians felt that they were not represented in the government AND resented that the laws were not written down for them to see. The effects were that the patricians created the Council of the Plebs AND posted the 12 Tables in the center of the Forum? (Study Guide: Part II, #5)
500
These are the reasons why the Roman Republic began to fall apart in the years following the Punic Wars.
What is a farming crisis because many farms in Italy had been destroyed during the Punic Wars; unemployment and overcrowding in the city of Rome; the government proposes ineffective solutions, like "bread and circuses"; AND military generals (like Julius Caesar) begin taking over the government? (Study Guide: Part II, #10)
500
These are the reforms that Julius Caesar introduced after declaring himself "dictator for life." 
What is that he gave jobs and land to the poor; granted citizenship to non-Romans; and created a new calendar? (Study Guide: Part II, #11)
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