True/False
Participants of the control group recalled a mean of 7.1 names
Participants were asked to __ while listening to relieve boredom.
Participants were asked to shade while listening to relieve boredom.
What experimental design was used?
Independent measures design
one real world application based on this study
this could be useful for teachers as they would want to implement this in their classroom. Letting students doodle may allow them to concentrate and recall better.
One weakness of the study
The IV was whether they doodled or not
True
The order of the tests were ________
counterbalanced
How many tasks were there? List them!
2 (monitoring + recall tasks)
two features based on the sample used in this study
- Ages 18-55
- 18 females (2 males) in control group
- 17 females (3 males) in doodling group
- All from medical research council
Debates: Provide Explanation for Behaviour, Individual vs. Situational
As doodling affected recall, this shows a situational effect on information processing. However, people do not doodle in the same way. This shows an individual difference behind doodling behaviour.
Doodling group participants did better in one of both tasks
False, doodling group did better in both tasks
The call had __ names of partygoers, and __ people and a __ who didn't attend. __ place names were mentioned.
The call had 8 names of partygoers, and 3 people and a cat who didn't attend. 8 place names were mentioned.
What was the average of false alarms in the control and doodling group?
The control and doodling group made an average false alarm of 0.3 in the Recall task.
one result from the memory scores for names (monitored information)
The doodling scored (on average) higher than those in the control group.
The average score for the doodling group was 5.1
One strength (explain briefly!)
Strengths:
- Lab experiment (extraneous variables controlled)
- Standardised procedure (improves validity + reliability)
- Operationalisation (e.g. doodling sheet/scores, increases validity)
All participants listened to a dull telephone call about a party for 2.5 minutes
True
An __ sheet was given to those in the _____ group, with ________ rows of _____ and circles, 10 per row. A ____ margin on the left to record the target information
A4, doodling, alternating, squares, wide
What was the one ethical concern in this study?
Participants did not give informed consent for the recall task
Describe the psychology being investigated in this study
- looking at whether doodling aids (cognitive) concentration/memory/attention.
- arousal levels need to be maintained to be able to concentrate
- boredom plays a role in paying attention to information
- information processing when asked to multitasked
- acts as a distraction (for the second task)
Explain one way how they operationalised the DV
Either one:
- Plausible mishearings were counted as correct (e.g. 'Greg' for 'Craig')
- Other names on the tape but weren't party-goers were scored as false alarms (e.g. John)
- Other words relating to people were ignored (e.g. sister)
- Final score (monitoring task) = # of correct names - false alarms
Participants listened to the telephone call at a recorded speed of 327wpm (words per minute)
False, they listened at 227wpm
__ members of a participant panel at the _____ ______ Council unit for _____ research, aged __-__ years and were paid a small sum for participation
40, Medical Research, cognitive, 18, 55
Why was counterbalancing used in this study?
- It is way as to minimise the influence of extraneous variables, such as practice or fatigue effect, on experimental results.
- Also used to minimise order effects
Two features of the mock telephone message that was played to the participants
- lasted 2.5 minutes
- 227 wpm
- comfortable listening volume
What were the two possible explanations for why the doodling group performed better on both tasks?
- Doodlers noticed more of the target words' effect on attention
- Doodling improved memory directly by encouraging deeper information processing