Basics
What is anemia?
a decrease in oxygen delivery to tissues due to low RBC or Hbg
Which anemia is caused by altered hemoglobin?
Iron deficiency anemia
What happens to RBCs in hemolytic anemia?
They are destroyed prematurely
What test definitely evaluates hemoglobin and hematocrit levels?
CBC
When does physiologic anemia of the newborn typically resolves?
6-12 weeks
What protein in RBC binds oxygen?
Hgb
What unique craving is seen in iron deficient anemia?
PICA
What inherited hemolytic disorder is X-linked?
G6PD deficiency
What test evaluates vit. B12 absorption?
Schilling test
Why are adolescents at increased risk for iron deficiency?
rapid growth and menstruation
What are the two main mechanisms that cause anemia?
Decreased RBC production or increased RBC destruction
What symptom distinguishes vit. B12 deficiency from folate deficiency?
Neurological symptoms (numbness, tingling, balance problems)
What lab finding defines aplastic anemia?
Pancytopenia (low RBC, WBC, and platelets)
What medication is used in renal failure related anemia?
Erythropoietin
impaired oxygenation
What is the most common nutritional deficiency in the US?
Iron deficiency anemia
What deficiency causes beefy red, smooth tongue and neuro symptoms?
B12 deficiency (pernicious anemia)
What serious complication results from low platelets in aplastic anemia?
Bleeding or bruising
What serious reaction is a rare risk of IV iron?
Anaphylaxis
What are two nursing assessments for anemia?
fatigue and pallor
What is the end result of anemia at the tissue level?
Reduced oxygen carrying capacity which leads to fatigue, weakness, and poor perfusion
Which deficiency causes glossitis and cheilosis but not neuro symptoms?
Folic acid deficiency
What surgical tx may be required for severe thalassemia?
Splenectomy
What is the priority treatment goal in anemia mgmt?
maintain oxygenation
What are the expected outcomes of anemia treatment?
Normal RBC/Hgb, improved activity tolerance, good diet, appropriate growth in children