Opioioioiod
A kappa agonist and mu antagonist, providing moderate sedation with minimal analgesia.
What is butorphanol?
A benzodiazepine that can be administered IV, but is less commonly used due to the additive causing pain on injection IM/SQ.
What is diazepam?
The system this class of drugs interacts with, commonly referred to when discussing alpha/beta receptors.
What is the adrenergic system?
This anticholinergic does NOT cross the blood brain barrier or placenta.
What is glycopyrrolate?
This pressor mainly acts on alpha, beta, and one other receptor type, with receptor effects changing with dose increases/decreases.
What is dopamine?
A pure mu opioid with potent effects, known for being cost effective while having a higher rate of nausea/vomiting than other types commonly used.
What is hydromorphone?
Drugs of this class are preferred for this type of disease due to very minimal effects to this organ system.
What is cardiovascular disease?
The phrase used to describe bradycardia caused by systemic vasoconstriction post administration of this medication.
What is reflex bradycardia?
This anticholinergic is more commonly used in anesthesia, known for a longer duration of action with a slightly longer period of time to take full effect.
What is glycopyrrolate?
A less commonly used pressor, mainly used for increased contractility.
What is dobutamine?
A pure mu opioid not commonly used in veterinary medicine IV/IM/SQ but commonly used in epidurals (if used, often seen as a CRI)
What is morphine?
Commonly used reversal for this drug class, often dosed at 10-20ug/kg IV.
What is flumazenil?
The reversal agent used to counteract the effects of alpha 2 agonist medications, commonly administered IM.
What is atipamezole?
An anticholinergic commonly used in emergencies with a rapid onset of action, DOES cross the blood brain barrier and placenta.
This pressor acts mainly on alpha receptors, causing potent vasoconstriction.
What is norepinephrine?
A partial mu agonist that tightly binds to mu receptors preventing other mu opioids from binding effectively, can be used as a partial reversal of pure mu opioids.
What is buprenorphine?
A commonly seen issue when administering this medication, counteracted by the "sandwich method" with an induction agent.
What is paradoxical excitation?
A medetomidine/vatinoxin combination medication known for decreased peripheral vascular changes?
What is ZenAlpha?
Drugs of this class primarily block these receptors.
What are muscarinic receptors?
A rarely used pressor in veterinary medicine, with potent vasoconstrictive effects (sometimes used for epistaxis).
A short acting highly potent pure mu opioid that is commonly used as a bolus or CRI; can be used for sedation, GA, or in local blocks (less common).
What is fentanyl?
The drugs from this class are heavily metabolized by this organ, causing long-acting drugs effects and a more profound response to administration.
What is the liver?
This reflex is responsible for the profound bradycardia commonly seen after dexmedetomidine-induced vasoconstriction.
What is the barorecptor reflex?
Anticholinergics are commonly used to treat this anesthetic complication when increased vagal tone is present.
What is bradycardia?
A potent pressor acting on a highly specific receptor, often used in cases of severe acidosis/vasoplegia. Can be administered as a bolus during arrest.
What is vasopressin?