Mechanisms of Anesthesia
What is the main mechanism of general anesthesia?
CNS depression leading to decreased brainstem function
Which complication is the most common?
Hypotension
Formula for mean arterial pressure (MAP)?
MAP~CO=HR X SV
What tools measures oxygen saturation?
Pulse oximeter.
What is multimodal pain contol?
Use of multiple drugs at different targets for better control.
Why use multimodal anesthesia?
To reduce total drug dose, minimize side effects, and improve safety.
What two parameters indicate poor oxygenation?
Low SPO2 and abnormal ETCO2
What three factors determine stroke volume?
Preload, Contractility, Afterload
What tool measure carbon dioxide output?
capnograph
What is a sign of inadequate depth?
Dysphoria, movement, increased HR/BP.
List two goals of anesthesia.
Unconsciousness, analgesia, muscle relaxation, amnesia, immobility.
What drug class correct bradycardia?
Anticholinergics (glycopyrrolate, atropine).
What's your first step when BP decreases under anesthesia?
Check anesthetic depth.
What system monitors the electrical heart activity
ECG
What causes delayed recovery from anesthesia?
Hypothermia, drug overdose, deep plane, metabolic issues.
What is the main purpose of analgesia during anesthesia?
To prevent pain perception and physiologic stress.
Formula for mean arterial pressure (MAP)?
MAP~CO=HR X SV
Name one drug to use when you have decreased Bp and HR
Why monitor tempature during anesthesia?
Prevent hypothermia
Which type of analgesia blocks nerve transmission locally?
Regional anesthesia.
What is general anesthesia?
Controlled reversable state of unconsciousness with loss of sensation.
What can hypothermia result in?
Slow drug metabolism and recovery.
What should you give if you have decreased BP and normal HR
Fluid bolus
If you are not getting readings for SPO2 or ECO2 what should you do?
Evaluate both the patient and machine for issues. Check for equipment issues (O2 on? Capnography attached? ET tube damages, inflated, etc.?)
What is something that could help with pain during surgery and should be used where appropriate?
Regional blocks.