Every Breath You Take
This lung volume experiences the greatest decrease when moving from 60 degrees to the supine position resulting in airway closure earlier in expiration
What is FRC?
This number correlates with pseudocholinesterase activity whereby the lower the number, the less activity exists
What is dibucaine number?
Smoking cessation for at least this amount of time before surgery results in the greatest decrease in the risk of post op pulmonary complications
What is 8 weeks?
This is the primary catecholamine increased by the body in response to stress
What is NE?
Intraoperative bronchospasm risk increases with these patient factors (list three)
What are: recent smoking, URI within 3 weeks, cough, chronic bronchitis, asthma, passive smoke exposure, ETT
The decrease in functional residual capacity relative to this lung volume results in increased atelectasis and earlier airway closure
What is closing capacity?
Volatile anesthetics produce immobility primarily by action on this structure
What is the spinal cord?
A physical status of ASA 4 indicates that a patient has had an MI, CVA, TIA, or CAD/stent within this many months
What is 3 months?
The release of glucagon by the pancreases during stress as well as increased resistance to this hormone results in much of the hyperglycemia seen during stressed states
What is insulin?
Laryngospasm is a forceful involuntary spasm of the laryngeal musculature caused by sensory stimulation of this nerve
What is the superior laryngeal nerve?
The sum of the inspiratory reserve volume, the tidal volume, and the expiratory makes up this lung volume
What is Vital Capacity?
Administering succinylcholine to an individual with pseudocholinesterase deficiency can result in this type of motor block
What is a phase II block?
Smoking cessation for this period of time results in decreased carboxyhemoglobin and a right shift of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve
What is 1 day?
This organ receives both the largest percentage of blood flow and is the biggest oxygen consumer in the entire body
What is the liver?
Large negative intrathoracic pressure generated by a struggling patient during laryngospasm can result in the development of this intrapulmonary process
What is negative-pressure pulmonary edema?
Endobronchial intubation is more likely when the neck is moved into this position
What is flexion?
Volatile anesthetics enhance the effects of these two inhibitory neurotransmitters that are said to account for most of their ability to cause immobilization
What are GABA and glycine?
A patient with well controlled diabetes (A1c 5.7) and HTN (BP 117/74) and a BMI of 35 and 7 METs would be classified as this ASA status
What is ASA 2
Increased secretion of this hormone during stress can lead to increased reabsorption of water in the collecting duct of the kidney and increased circulating volume
What is Vasopressin?
The bronchospasm airway reflex is predominately mediated by this nerve.
What is the Vagus Nerve?
Performing recruitment maneuvers when an ETT is endobronchial can result in this type of trauma
What is barotrauma?
Pseudocholinesterase deficiency can also cause prolongation of this type of analgesic agent
What is ester local anesthetics?
A patient who arrives for surgery ate a piece of toast with peanut butter and tea at 6AM. Given her NPO violation you would tell the surgeon that she can have surgery at this time
What is 2PM?
This variable uniquely determines both oxygen supply and demand to the myocardium in opposing ways
What is heart rate?
This molecule’s release that can occur with administration of certain drugs such as cisatracurium and morphine can increase a patient’s risk of developing bronchospasm
What is Histamine?