Classic stages of anesthesia
Classical stages were based on signs during what type of anesthesia
What is an ether anesthetic
This state is achieved when the patient is rendered unconscious
What is Induction
This central neuraxial block is used mostly used for labor and delivery
What is an epidural
Patient is awake, calm, normal airway ventilation, CV unaffected
What is minimal sedation (anxiolytics)
The patient is awake and then they are not
What is induction
Stages I describes which phase of anesthesia
What is analgesia (induction)
This state prevents recall of preoperative events, reducing psychological trauma.
What is Amnesia (memory suppression)
This regional anesthetic is used to provide surgical anesthesia and/or post-operative pain relief to t eh fore arm and hand
What is an axillary block
Also known as Conscious sedation as patient provides purposeful response to verbal commands and maintains airway and spontaneous breathing
What is Moderate sedation
Patient is interviewed, IV access, pain block and meds can be given, anesthetic plan made
What is pre-induction
Breath holding, dilated pupils, increased muscle tone, risk of vomiting/largygospasm define this stage
What is stage II- excitement (delirium)
This prevents the patient from perceiving and responding to painful stimuli
What is analgesia (pain control)
This regional anesthetic is used to provide relief for inguinal hernia and other abdominal surgeries
What is a TAP block (transverses abdominis plane) block.
Patient is sleep, minimally arousable, possible/probable airway compromise, spontaneous ventilation may be inadequate
What is deep Sedation
Achieved with: inhalational agents, IV agents, balanced technique, ensuring adequate pain control and anti-emetic planning
What is maintenance
This stage is divided into 4 planes from light to deep)
What is stage III- surgical anesthesia
This facilitates endotrachial intubation and surgical access
What is muscle relaxation (areflexia/immobilization)
This block provides anesthesias for ocular surgery
What is a retrobulbar or peribulbar block
Loss of consciousness, airway probably requires intervention, ventilation often requires support
What is a general anesthetic
Transition from maintenance to awake state
What is emergence
Stage IV in classical terminology refers to what
What is medullary paralysis-overdose- severe CNS and medullary depression, respiratory and CV collapse
This describes and anesthetic using multiple drugs that are combined in small doses to achieve an effect and minimize side effects
What is a balanced anesthetic
These blocks are used to treat pain syndromes and vascular insufficiency
What are sympathetic nerve blocks
This exists on a continuum
What is sedation
Giving report, transfer of care, paperwork
What is recovery/PACU