Pain Mgmt
This nerve block would be essential for any surgery involving teeth or oral/nasal soft tissues rostral to the 3rd premolar
What is an infraorbital nerve block?
This source of heat loss is the largest contributor to hypothermia in the anesthetized patient
What is radiation?
These challenges of intubation are unique to pigs
What is the pig's tracheal bronchus, pharyngeal diverticulum, laryngospasm, and 180 degree turn with ET tube between larynx and trachea?
These drugs reverse the effects of alpha-2s
What are Atipamezole (potent antagonist) and Yohimbine (weak antagonist)? Also Tolazoline for cattle
These drugs are examples of amide-type local anesthetics, and their risk of toxicity is ______ than ester LAs
What are Lidocaine, Bupivacaine and Mepivacaine? (GREATER risk of toxicity than esters)
This type of mismatch occurs when oxygen can reach the alveoli, but poor blood flow causes hypoxemia (Ex: thromboembolus)
What is a HIGH V/Q ratio?
This is the order of sensitivity to xylazine (between horses, ruminants, and camelids)
What is highest sensitivity in ruminants, camelids in the middle, and horses least sensitive?
This is the osmolality of the plasma in a healthy animal
What is 280-310 mOsm/kg?
These are the 2 excitatory NTs and the 2 inhibitory NTs
What are glutamate and substance P for excitatory NTs and GABA and glycine for inhibitory NTs?
This is an example of a shockable rhythm in CPR (Name 1)
What is ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia?
This class of drugs is often used in horses despite its side effects of ileus, diuresis, hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia and sweating
What are alpha-2s?
An hour after being administered, 100% of this type of fluid will remain within the vasculature?
What is a colloid?
These are treatments for local anesthetic cardiovascular toxicity
What is chelation therapy with IV fluids, vasopressors, inotropes, anticholinergics, and anti-arrhythmics?
If patient is bradycardic (not because of an alpha-2) and experiences a sudden drop in blood pressure, this drug should be administered
What is atropine?
This NB of the bovine eye blocks both sensory and motor neurons. It acts on the trochlear, oculomotor, abducens, and trigeminal nerves.
What is Peterson block?
Using this type of fluid increases the risk of an animal developing metabolic acidosis
What is NaCl 0.9%?
These are the three aspects of a surgical pain management plan
What are loco-regional analgesia, an opioid and an NSAID?
This drug, which acts on both alpha and beta receptors, is an appropriate treatment for vasodilatory shock
What is norepinephrine? (Dopamine would also be correct, but it acts on alpha, beta, AND D receptors)
These drugs are almost never used in horses due to their cardiovascular and respiratory depressive effects
What is alfaxalone and propofol?
This drug is the most appropriate to treat a hypotensive patient undergoing a C-section
What is ephedrine?