Stem Structure
What is the primary purpose of an angiosperm stem?
To support the plant and transport nutrients
This type of growth focuses on apical growth, making the plant taller/longer.
Primary Growth
What type of plant modifications do cacti have to survive in arid environments? (Name at least one)
Thicker cuticles, accordion-shaped stems, broad surface for photosynthesis, white "hair" for cooling
What is the term for the distance between two leaf attachments on a stem?
Internode
Angiosperms are best described as what?
A large grouping of flowering plants
The vascular bundles of a plant include which two structures within the vein?
Xylem and Phloem
What occurs to the axillary buds when an apical bud is removed from the plant?
Which type of stem modification moves along the ground as a form of asexual reproduction?
Stolon or "runners"
Which type of stem modification is buried underground and stores starches?
Tubers
What does the term "axillary" mean?
Related to the armpit
Regions of active cell division focused on growth are called what?
Meristematic Regions
A plant's tendency to bend/grow toward a light source is called what?
Phototropism
Which type of defensive stem modification does not contain vascular tissue?
Prickles
The xylem rings of a woody plant that exist beyond the initial xylem are known as the _________________.
Secondary xylem
What is pruning?
Pruning is the removal of parts of a plant (healthy or unhealthy) for the purpose of greater growth and/or fruitfulness of the plant.
What is the center part of the tree that no longer transports water through the xylem?
A woody plant's tendency to grow in diameter over many years is called ____________ growth.
Secondary
A stem modification that photosynthesizes is called what?
A cladophyll
The terminal bud is known as the ________________.
Apical bud
We discussed two plants that utilize stolons for asexual reproduction. What were they?
Spider plants and strawberry plants
Which hormone is known for causing stem elongation?
Gibberellins
A plant's tendency to respond to touch is known as _____________.
Thigmotropism
Which type of stem modification is underground and used for lateral growth?
Rhizome
What plant process pulls water up through the xylem, allowing the fluid to move against gravitational pull?
In monocot stems, vascular bundles are typically arranged in what way?
Scattered throughout the stem