General Angiosperm Structures
Flowering plants are divided into two systems. What are these two systems, and state where they are located (underground or above ground)?
2. Shoot system (above ground)
2. Fibrous roots
3. Adventitious roots
Describe the (typical) stem of a herbaceous plant.
Soft and green; no wood
(vs. woody plants...whose stems contain wood...)
What is a node?
The point on a stem at which a leaf is attached
This plant tissue forms the covering layer on a plant.
Dermal tissue
Give two functions of the root system
1. Anchorage
2. Absorption of water and minerals
Which type of vascular tissue is a dead tissue?
Xylem - the living contents of tracheas and vessels die before they reach maturity.
What structure is located at the tip of the stem?
Hint: This causes the stem to grow at the growing tip.
Apical bud
(also accept "terminal bud")
What are the two types of leaf venation? Describe each type.
1. Parallel venation
2. Net or reticulate venation
This plant tissue makes up the bulk of a young plant. It is located between the dermal and vascular tissues. Photosynthesis occurs here.
Ground tissue
List three types of plant tissue (x100 points per tissue)
1. Dermal tissue
2. Vascular tissue
3. Ground tissue
What is the function of phloem?
Sieve tubes transport food made by photosynthesis from the leaves to the rest of the plant.
What is the axil?
The angle between a leaf and the stem
What is the petiole? Do all leaves have them?
The petiole is the stalk of a leaf. Not all leaves have them. Some are joined directly to the stem.
This type of tissue contain xylem and phloem and mainly functions to transport materials through the plant.
Vascular tissue
List four structures that are included within the shoot system (100 points per structure).
1. Stems
2. Leaves
3. Flowers
4. Fruits
List the four zones in a root (x100 points per zone)
1. Zone of protection
2. Zone of cell production / meristematic zone
3. Zone of elongation
4. Zone of differentiation
List four functions of stems.
1. Support the aerial parts of plants
2. Transport water and minerals from the roots to the leaves and flowers.
3. Transport food made in leaves to the roots.
4. Carry out photosynthesis (when green)
5. May store food
What is the midrib of a leaf?
A midrib is the central, prominent vein of a leaf or other plant part, like a flower petal.
Describe the structure of monocot vascular bundles in the stem. How are they organized?
Monocot vascular bundles are scattered at random in the stem.
What is a cotyledon?
A cotyledon is a seed leaf. Monocotyledons have one cotyledon in the seed. Dicotyledons have two cotyledons in the seed.
What are two functions of xylem (x250 for each).
1. Transports water and mineral salts from the roots to the leaves.
2. Mechanical support (due to lignin)
What is lignin?
a strengthening material found in some plant cell walls; makes stems rigid and woody
What are four functions of leaves (x125 per function)?
1. Make food (photosynthesis)
2. Exchange gases with atmosphere
3. Lose water (transpiration)
4. Store food)
Describe the arrangement of dicot vascular bundles in the stem.
Vascular bundles of dicots are arranged in a ring around the inside of the stem.