Body Plan
List three types of symmetry in organisms, and one example of each
None - sponges
Radial - starfish, jellyfish
Bilateral - humans
What percentage of all animals are invertebrates?
95%
What four things do vertebrates share?
notochord
hollow dorsal nerve chord
pharyngeal slits
tails
Similarities between birds and reptiles?
Differences?
Same clade (reptilia), common ancestor (dinosaurs), birds have scales on legs, sexual reproduction, egg layers
Birds are endothermic, most reptiles are ectothermic (cold blooded), beaks, feathers, wings, hollow bones
This type of embryonic development is most common among insects and invertebrates. Extra points - name the other characterization of embryonic development most common among reptiles and mammals?
Protostome - insects / invertebrates
Deuterostome - reptiles / mammals
Porifera example? Symmetry type?
sponges, asymmetrical
Are all chordates vertebrate?
No - urochordata (sea squirts) and cephalochordata (lancelets) are chordata that have no bone or cartilaginous backbone
Are mammals endothermic?
Yes
Which type of development of body cavity has actually no body cavity? Example of this? What are the other two classifications?
Acoelomates. Jellyfish.
Coelomates - molluscs, arthropods (spiders)
Pseudocoelomates - roundworm
What happened to invertebrates during the Cambrian explosion? When was this?
Foundation of modern phyla! Specialization of tissue, symmetry, segmentation.
530-515 billion years ago
Are all chordates acoelomates?
Are all chordates deuterostomes?
No - all chordates are coelomates
Yes
Are mammals terrestrial or aquatic?
both
What is the name of the specializaton of the anterior segment that occurs in most bilaterally symmetrical organisms?
cephalization
List some of the major phyla of invertebrates....look into whether they are protostomes/deuterostomes, coelomates/acoelomates/pseudocoelomates, type of reproduction....
Porifera (sponges), cnidarian (jellyfish), arthropods (spiders with exoskeleton), nemotoads, platyhelminthes (flatworms), annelids (earthworms), mollusca (clams, scallops, snails), echinodermata (sea stars)
What are two types of bony fishes, and what makes them different?
ray finned fish (most common, bones in fins are small and covered with thin skin)
lobe finned fish (only 7 species, bones in fins are larger and homologous to terrestrial animals!)
Monotremes - lay eggs - platypus
Marsupials - embryo born and develops in external sack - kangaroo
Placental - more "developed" offspring born - humans, dogs, cats, bats, whales
What is the term describing the change of animals born in water to land dwelling creatures? What are these animals called? Some examples?
Metamorphosis
Amphibians
frogs, snakes, salamanders, newts
Four things all primates share?
Long fingers with nails
Strong shoulders that rotate
Forward facing eyes (vision with depth)
Large brain / cerebrum