Game Theory
What type of game is a payoff of a given
strategy that depends only on the
opposing strategy?
Symmetrical
True or false. Asexual reproduction has evolved from sexual reproduction numerous times. If flase, correct the statement.
True
What is communication?
behavior performed by a signaler to modify the behavior of the intended receiver
What is the difference between polygyny and polyandry
In polygyny, one male mates with multiple females. in polyandry, one female mates with multiple males.
What are anticipatory maternal effects
increased offspring fitness
What type of game is it when he payoff depends on the individual playing the strategy?
Asymmetrical
What is the term for when females evolve the ability to produce offspring without mating?
Parthenogenesis
Give an example of an unintended receiver and an unintended predator?
Unintended receiver: bright colors on males intended for females are also picked up by predators.
Unintended emitter: predator is fooled by mimic
What type of mating system would occur when females are on an intermediate sized range
monogamy
What is the term for behaviors that don't need to be learned?
Innate behaviors
What is a strategy that is impermeable when adopted by a population in adaptation to a specific environment?
Evolutionarily Stable Strategy
What is the differnece between isogomy and ansogomy?
Isogamy is when gametes are equal in size. Anisogamy is when gametes are of different sizes.
What is the difference between a signal and a cue?
Cues are a feature of the sender that the receiver
can use as a guide for future action, but the feature has not evolved for the purpose of communication. A signal is an act or structure that has evolved
to alter the behavior of another organism.
What are leks?
Temporary aggregations of males defending very small territories without resources.
What is an example of a fixed action pattern?
Sign Stimulus or Innate Releasing Mechanism
True or false. When any given individual plays only one strategy, that is called a mixed strategy. If false, correct the statement.
False. When any given individual plays only one strategy, that is called a pure strategy. A mixed strategy is when any given individual can play more than one strategy.
What is the Handicap Hypothesis?
Females may prefer males with extremely costly traits because they decrease male survival, so if they can survive, they have good genes.
Which hypothesis is this an example of? Individuals might confuse a predator by keeping it from focusing on just one animal.
Confusion effect Hypothesis
What is it called when there is discrete variation in how individuals obtain reproductive success
Alternative reproductive tactics
Habituation is when an organism’s response to a stimulus decreases with repeated exposure to the stimulus. What is an example of this and it's definition
Input filtering is when an animal stops responding to noisy but common stimulus in the environment
What is the difference between obligate altruism and facultative altruism
Obligate altruism is the permanent loss of direct
fitness, while facultative altruism is a temporary loss of direct fitness
What is sensory bias?
Females may have pre-existing biases to notice or prefer certain traits, due to features of their sensory systems.
Why might an individual use a dishonest signal?
To manipulate the behavior of the receiver
Is when taxa produce small numbers of large offspring that require lots of investment to be successful r-selected or K-selected
K-selected
What is the difference between filial imprinting and sexual imprinting
Filial imprinting occurs when the baby attaches to the mother at first sight, and sexual imprinting occurs when the young bird attaches to the father's song.