alegory
Boxer represents
the working class
What were the main causes of the Russian Revolution?
Extreme social inequality, poor leadership by Tsar Nicholas II, the impact of World War I, economic crisis, and worker and peasant dissatisfaction.
Why do the animals work harder than ever before?
They need to build the windmill and meet production demands.
Why is food scarce in winter?
The harvest was poor, and trade with humans is limited.
What happens to the commandments on the barn wall?
They are secretly changed to benefit the pigs.
mollie represents
the Russian aristocracy
What is the difference between the February and October Revolutions of 1917?
he February Revolution overthrew the Tsar and established a Provisional Government. The October Revolution, led by the Bolsheviks, overthrew the Provisional Government and set up a communist state.
How does Napoleon begin to rule more like a dictator?
He stops consulting the animals and uses fear to control them.
How does Napoleon use fear to maintain control?
He holds purges, executing animals who "betray" him
How does Napoleon deal with Frederick’s fake banknotes?
He declares war and leads a failed attack against him.
The dogs represents
Stalins secret police
What role did Lenin play in the Russian Revolution?
Lenin led the Bolsheviks, promoted communist ideas, and orchestrated the October Revolution. He introduced land reforms, worker control of factories, and withdrew Russia from World War I.
Why do the animals accept trading with humans, despite earlier rules?
Squealer convinces them it was never truly forbidden.
What lie does Napoleon spread about Snowball?
That he was always a traitor working with humans.
What happens in the Battle of the Windmill?
The windmill is destroyed, but the animals claim victory.
The hens represents
kulaks.
What were the consequences of the Russian Revolution?
The establishment of a communist government, Russia’s exit from World War I, the Russian Civil War, and the creation of the Soviet Union in 1922.
What happens when the windmill is destroyed?
Napoleon blames Snowball and orders it to be rebuilt.
How does Napoleon use the sheep to silence opposition?
They chant slogans to prevent discussions.
How does Napoleon increase his own luxury?
He drinks alcohol, lives in the farmhouse, and takes more privileges.
the sheep represents
the followers
What was the Russian Civil War, and who were the main factions?
The war (1918–1922) was between the Red Army (Bolsheviks) and the White Army (anti-Bolsheviks). The Bolsheviks won, securing communist rule in Russia.
How does Napoleon use Snowball as a scapegoat?
He blames him for all problems, including the windmill’s destruction.
Why do the animals confess to crimes they didn’t commit?
They are terrified and manipulated by Napoleon’s rule.
What is ironic about the pigs' lifestyle by the end of the chapter?