Vertebrate Circulatory System
One way
What is the act of eating or feeding?
Ingestion
What is the breakdown of food particles outside of cells?
Extracellular digestion
Where does digestion largely occur?
In the duodenum
Circulatory systems can be ____ or _____
Open or closed
Humans and other vertebrates have a closed circulatory system called the...
Cardiovascular system
What is the process of breaking down food into small molecules that can be absorbed?
Digestion
The gastrovascular cavity has two functions, which are...
Where is chyme neutralized?
The pancreas (through the release of trypsin and chymotrypsin)
What is the function of gastrovascular cavities?
Digestion and distribution of substances throughout the body
Blood enters the heart through the...
Atria
What are the four steps involved in food processing, and what is the order?
Ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination.
The digestive system tube is called...
The alimentary canal
What is the circulatory fluid in an open circulatory system?
Hemolymph
When a ventricle contracts, what happens to volume and pressure?
Volume decreases, pressure increases
(causing blood to move out of the ventricle)
What is the passage of undigested materials out of the digestive system?
Elimination
What is the function of saliva?
To lubricate food and break down starch
What occurs in the duodenum?
Chyme from the stomach mixes with digestive juices
What is the fluid in a closed circulatory system?
Blood
What are the benefits of mammals having a four-chambered heart?
Absorption
Name the pathway in which food moves to go to the stomach.
1. The mouth (tongue creates a bolus)
2. Pharynx
3. Esophagus
4. Stomach
How does the small intestine have a large surface area?
Villi and microvilli
Name the three parts of a circulatory system
1. Circulatory fluid
2. Interconnecting vessels
3. A muscular pump (heart)