Digestive System
What step of digetion involves taking food into the body?
Ingestion
What macronutrient is the main source of energy for cells?
Carbohydrates
What cavity does air first enter the respiratory system?
The nostrills or nasal cavity
What is the liquid part of blood that transports nutrients and wastes?
Plasma
What type of transport moves particles from high concentration to low concentration?
Diffusion
What organ stores bile and releases it into the small intestine?
The gall bladder
What macronutrient is broken down into fatty acids and glycerol?
Lipids
What process moves oxygen from the alveoli into the blood?
Diffusion
What type of blood cells help fight infection?
White blood cells
What specific type of diffusion involves the movement of water?
osmosis
What type of digestion uses enzymes to break large molecules into smaller ones?
Chemical digestion
What enzyme starts starch digestion in the mouth?
Amylase
What happens to the chest cavity volume during inhalation?
It increases
What type of vessels carry blood away from the heart under high pressure?
Arteries
What type of transport requires energy from ATP?
Active transport
What part of the digestive tract absorbs the most nutrients into the bloodstream?
The small intestine
Why must enzymes have a specific shape to work?
Their shape is specific to their substrate
How does pressure change to allow air to move into the lungs?
The pressure is lower inside the chest than the outside
Why are capillaries ideal for exchange?
They have thin walls and slow blood flow
What term describes a solution with more solute than a cell?
Hypertonic
Why is the small intestine long and folded?
To increase surface area for absorption
Why do enzymes stop working after being heated?
They experience denaturation of the protein structure
What characteristics allow alveoli to help gases move quickly in and out of blood?
Thin walls and large surface area
Describe the pathway of blood moving from the lungs to the body.
pulmonary vein-> left atrium-> left ventricle ->aorta
Why must large molecules like starch and proteins be digested before they can enter cells?
Larger molecules cannot pass through selectively permeable cell membranes and must be broken into smaller units first.