Although not an actual genre, this is usually used to refer to anime aimed at young boys with mainly action or comedy.
Shounen
Known for his nickel revolver and orange glasses, this character roams from town to town on the planet Gunsmoke.
Vash the Stampede
Dattebayo
Naruto
Also known as Mighty Atom, this show follows an android boy with Human emotions.
Astro Boy
Spirited Away, Princess Mononoke, Ponyo, Howl's Moving Castle
Hayao Miyazaki
Usually taking place in high school, this genre usually follows a team with the goal of winning the national tournament at the end of the year.
Sports
Having lost his right arm and left leg, he travels with his brother to find the legendary Philosopher's Stone.
Edward Elric
"It's an invitation to my birthday party tomorrow. I hope you'll be able to make it to the party."
...
"I'll kill you."
Heero Yui (Gundam Wing)
One of the earliest martial arts manga, this show is well known for opponents dying after getting hit in a secret vital spot.
Fist of the North Star
Shin Godzilla, Cutie Honey, Gunbuster, Neon Genesis Evangelion
Hideaki Anno
Popularized by shows like Overlord, Konosuba and Inuyasha, this show usually centers around a character that enters a new world completely different from their own.
Isekai
DAILY DOUBLE
It's unknown how this character's orange classes stay on his head, but he and his team is known for doing the impossible and piecing the heavens.
Kamina
"The only ones who should kill, are those who are prepared to be killed."
Lelouch Vi Britannia (Code Geass)
An inspiration for many athletes, this anime features a main characters called the "heaven-sent child of football".
Captain Tsubasa
5 cm per second, Garden of Words, Weathering with you, My Name
Makoto Shinkai
Also known as the grandfather of anime, this genre is also known for not actually being about the things on screen but rather the characters piloting them.
Mecha
Although not an actual anime, this character is from a well known CG show, wielding a red scythe and usually associated with Roses.
Ruby Rose
"I've had my fill of bad futures."
Trunks (Dragonball Z)
This movie, taking place in Neo-Tokyo, is where the most famous motorcycle slide in anime originated from.
Akira
Perfect Blue, Paprika, Paranoia Agent, Jojo's Bizarre Adventure (1994)
Satoshi Kon
Known for usually being calming and relaxing, this genre is usually just about daily lives or characters doing a mundane task.
Slice of Life
Wielding a magnum pistol called Casull, this vampire is also known as one of the strongest alive.
Alucard (Hellsing)
"I am here. The is no better security than this."
Head Captain Yamamoto (Bleach)
Probably the most influential Cyberpunk anime made, this anime film follows a cyborg public security agent who hunts after a hacker called the Puppet Master.
Ghost in the Shell
Dr Slump, Cowa!, Sandland, Dragonball
Akira Toriyama