Presenting features
Young male
Who is most commonly affected?
Inflammation of the iris
What is anterior uveitis?
HLA-B27
What is the genetic test for AS?
NSAIDs
What is the first line of management for AS?
Worsen with rest, improve with movement
What is characteristic of the main symptoms?
(i.e., pain and stiffness in the sacroiliac and vertebral joints)
What is aortic regurgitation?
Fusion of the sacroiliac and spinal joints
What is bamboo spine (the typical x-ray finding in AS)?
adalimbumab, etanercept or infliximab
Also accept: What are the anti-TNF medications used second-line to treat AS?
Sacroiliac and vertebral column joints
What are the main joints affected?
Delayed heart conduction
What is heart block?
A length of <20cm indicates restricted lumbar movement
What is Schober's test?
Secukinumab, ixekizumab or Upadacitinib
What are the third-line options for treating AS?
Inflammation where tendons or ligaments insert into bone
What is enthesitis?
Upper lung scarring
What is apical fibrosis?
Areas of bone growth where ligaments insert into bone
What are syndesmophytes (x-ray finding in AS)?
Monoclonal antibodies against IL-17
What are secukinumab or izekizumab?
Chest pain
(would also accept - what is an associated symptom?)
Inflammation-related low Hb
What is anaemia of chronic disease?
Sacroiliitis and bone marrow oedema
What is seen early in AS before there are X-ray changes?
JAK inhibitor
What is upadacitinib?