Neural Networks Basics
This is the basic building block of a neural network.
What is a perceptron?
This is a commonly cited strength of neural networks in handling complex data.
What is high accuracy?
This is the main purpose of data visualization.
What is to make complex data easier to understand?
This line color on Minard’s map represents the army’s advance into Russia.
What is beige?
This color in Nightingale’s diagram represents deaths from preventable diseases.
What is blue?
He implemented the perceptron in 1957.
Who is Frank Rosenblatt?
This limitation of neural networks describes their heavy demand on computational resources.
What is resource hungry?
One of two mathematicians developed the Cartesian coordinate system.
Who are René Descartes and Pierre de Fermat?
This line on the map represents the army’s retreat and number of surviving troops.
What is the black line?
This trend is observed when comparing the two diagrams from 1854–55 and 1855–56.
What is a decrease in deaths from preventable diseases and other causes?
This is the main learning mechanism used to adjust weights in a neural network.
What is backpropagation?
This method involves adding random noise to prevent overfitting.
What is dropout?
He is considered the founder of graphical methods of statistics.
Who is William Playfair?
This relationship is observed between troop numbers and temperature during the retreat.
What is the number of soldiers decreased as the temperature dropped?
The shrinking of blue wedges across the two diagrams indicates this.
What is a reduction in deaths from preventable or mitigable acute infectious diseases?
These are two examples of hyperparameters in a neural network.
What are learning rate and number of hidden layers?
This is the process of minimizing model error through tuning.
What is optimization?
Alan Smith emphasizes this design principle to guide viewer attention in charts.
What is hierarchy and context?
This is why Minard’s map is still praised as a data visualization masterpiece.
What is its ability to convey multiple variables (time, temperature, geography, attrition) in one image?
This is why Nightingale’s chart is an early example of evidence-based healthcare.
What is it demonstrated improved outcomes through sanitation reforms?
This term describes the forward calculation of output and backward adjustment of weights.
What is the difference between forward propagation and backpropagation?
This is a major challenge of using neural networks in clinical practice, especially for transparency.
What is interpretability or the “black box” problem?
This is a common mistake in healthcare visuals that causes confusion or misinterpretation.
What is poor visual hierarchy?
This is how you could use Minard’s visual approach for a current nursing dataset.
What is apply multilayered visual storytelling to show trends, outcomes, or population health?
This is how you could modernize Nightingale’s graphic for a nursing research poster.
What is use digital visuals to show outcomes before and after intervention, like dashboards or infographics?