Trauma Biomechanics
The physical disruption of living tissues by outside forces.
What is Trauma?
Broad object impacting skeleton or vice versa.
What is Blunt Force Trauma?
The four classifications of skeletal trauma.
What are High-Velocity Projectile, Blunt Force, Sharp Force, and Thermal Exposure trauma?
Low velocity impact over a small surface
What is Sharp Force Trauma?
The process of systemically comparing antemortem and postmortem biological data to facilitate a personal identification.
What is Scientific Identification?
The load point after which material experiences plastic deformation.
What is Yield Point?
When the imprint of an impacting instrument is clearly visible on the affected tissue.
What is Patterned Trauma?
Features indicative of projectile trauma
What are:
1. little to no plastic deformation
2. evidence of projectiles
3. beveling
The four types of sharp force trauma
What are:
1. Punctures
2. Incisions
3. Clefts
4. Saw marks
Types of scientific indentifications
What are:
- nuclear DNA
- fingerprints
- comparative medical/dental radiography
- surgical implants (sometimes)
The point at which fracture occurs.
What is Ultimate Failure?
A stellate pattern of fractures extending around the impact site.
What is Radiating Fractures?
When beveling is the opposite of expectations.
What is Reverse Beveling?
Fractures that are uninterrupted in their course indicating they were the first to occur.
What are Primary fractures?
A validated method for IDing. Christensen (2005)
What are Frontal Sinus X-Rays?
The force perpendicular to the long axis that is in opposition to the offset force acting in the opposite direction.
What is Shear?
When a bending force causes a fracture on only one side of the bone.
What is a Greenstick Fracture?
The diameter of a bullet and/or barrel of a handgun or rifle.
What is Caliber?
Fractures that terminate at the margins of primary fractures, indicating they came after the primary fractures.
What are Secondary fractures?
An Indiana College student who was mistakenly taken for Laura van Ryn after a motor vehicle accident?
Who is Whitney Cerak?
The result of greater magnitude.
What is Greater Fracture Severity?
The study of fracture surface morphology and its relationship to crack propagation.
What is Fractography?
The metal coating on a bullet used to reduce deformation and fragmentation.
What is Jacketing?
The remains that are left not calcined after being burned.
What are:
- Superior cranium
- Left and right knees
- Left lower leg
The final step for conducting comparative radiography.
What is Comparing the Antemortem and Postmortem Radiographs feature-by-feature?